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2. Modelovanie vodnej hodnoty snehu v horskom povodí distribuovaným modelom akumulácie a topenia snehu

Creator:
Holko, Ladislav, Parajka, Juraj, and Kostka, Zdeno
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
distributed snow accumulation and melt model, energy balance, degree-day, mountain catchment, atmospheric precipitation, distribuovaný snehový model, metóda energetickej bilancie, metóda teplotného faktora, horské povodie, and atmosférické zrážky
Language:
Slovak
Description:
The objective of this paper is to compare the results of two distributed snow models based on different approach to snow accumulation and melt. Model WaSiM is based on the degree-day approach, while model UEB-EHZ is an energy-based model. Simulations in the mountain catchment of Jalovecký creek in winters 1989-2001 showed that both approaches can produce similar results. Model parametrization is more important than basic approach to snow accumulation and melt. Therefore, model UEB-EHZ which took into acccount influence of forest on radiation reduction and snow drift, performed better for the forest sites. The paper presents also brief overview of snow accumulation and melt modelling including calibration and verification of distributed models. Finally, it shows some outupts which can be provided by distributed snow models. and Príspevok je venovaný porovnaniu dvoch distribuovaných matematických modelov akumulácie a topenia snehu s rôznym prístupom k modelovaniu snehu. V horskom povodí Jaloveckého potoka boli hodnotené výsledky energeticky založeného modelu UEB-EHZ a modelu WaSiM, vychádzajúceho z metódy teplotného indexu pre zimy 1988/89 - 2000/2001. Porovnanie výsledkov oboch modelov ukázalo, že pokiaľ ide o základný prístup k modelovaniu topenia snehu (energetická bilancia alebo teplotný index), nemohli sme v danom povodí určiť, ktorý z nich viedol k lepším výsledkom. Väčší vplyv na simuláciu vodnej hodnoty snehu ako výber základného prístupu k modelovaniu akumulácie a topenia snehu, má parametrizácia konkrétneho modelu. V modeli UEB-EHZ bol napríklad čiastočne zahrnutý vplyv lesa na globálne žiarenie a podmienky ukladania snehu (drift). Preto bolo topenie snehovej pokrývky v lese týmto modelom simulované reálnejšie ako modelom WaSiM. Okrem porovnania výsledkov dvoch základných prístupov k modelovaniu akumulácie a topenia snehu v horskom povodí príspevok ukazuje aj niektoré výstupy, ktoré možno získať pomocou distribuovaného snehového modelu a stručne sa zaoberá diskusiou o kalibrácii a validácii takéhoto modelu.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

3. Ultramarín - výrazný pigment tradiční lidové architektury (panonského typu domu)

Creator:
Nečas, Radovan, Nový, Martin, and Všianský, Dalibor
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
diversity of colours in vernacular architecture, blue pigment, and ultramarine
Language:
Czech
Description:
The diversity of colours is one of the most typical features of vernacular architecture. The submitted study deals with the research on the use of ultramarine on the Pannonian type of folk house, which could be found in central, southern, and south-eastern Moravia. The authors primarily proceed from the younger shift of the house. This featured, among other things, mainly the original transformation of stylistic elements, the façade segmentation, and the diversity of colours used on the frontages of residential buildings. Blue pigments were only barely available by the early nineteenth century, especially in the rural environment. The use of blue pigments flourished in vernacular architecture only after 1828, when the technique for the production of ultramarine was published. This was followed by industrial production of this pigment. The technique for the production of ultramarine, applied in the past, is described e. g. in the publication Tovární výroba barev [Factory Production of Dyes] by Jaroslav Milbauer from 1926. The treatise interconnects the cultural-historical and the technical level of the phenomenon under study. The material-analytical section is based on ethnological field research and an analysis of historical plasters using both physical-chemical methods of their identification and the knowledge of material engineering. Ethnological knowledge thus acquires a completely new dimension, and it is supplemented by new conclusions. At the same time, it is also a detailed analysis of the structure of ultramarine currently acquired on our market and an attempt at its laboratory synthesis. The result of the presented experiment with the production of blue pigment can be beneficial in practice for restoration purposes and professional analysis of historical plasters.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public