In this paper we introduce a new class of functions called weakly (µ, λ)-closed functions with the help of generalized topology which was introduced by Á. Császár. Several characterizations and some basic properties of such functions are obtained. The connections between these functions and some other similar types of functions are given. Finally some comparisons between different weakly closed functions are discussed. This weakly (µ, λ)- closed functions enable us to facilitate the formulation of certain unified theories for different weaker forms of closed functions.
Chloroplasts isolated from the primary leaves of wheat seedlings lost 22 % of their chlorophyll and 35 % of the carotenoids after 4 h of incubation under a medium irradiance (MI) (400 pmol m'^ s'*, PAR). After a 3 h MI exposure, the photosystem (PS) 2 activity was completely lost while photosystem 1 (PSI) activity was reduced to 32 % of that, found initially. Chloroplasts isolated from the leaves of seedlings exposed to a high irradiance (1500 pmol m-^ s"') contained a higher concentiation of zeaxanthin (z) and lost pigments and photochemical activities at a relatively slower rate. When the z concentration in chloroplasts incubated under MI was enhanced several times by ascorbate (Asc), the losses of pigment contents and photosystem activities were significantly reduced. However, when the Asc-induced synthesis of z was inhibited by dithiothreitol, protection of the pigment contents and photochemical activities disappeared. Thus, z can photoprotect the chloroplasts during incubation under irradiation.