North to south migration in the U.S. and housing developers’ claims of benefits led to exponential growth in neighbourhood homeowners associations during recent decades. Sanctioned by state laws, association rules governing homeowners are usually initiated by developers who claim that the rules protect property values. But the claim is not supported by empirical analysis. Inflation adjusted annual percentage returns in consecutive sales of a sample of 900 most recent home sales in Duval County Florida, Pima County Arizona and St. Louis County Missouri during late 2017 and early-2018 were examined. The results revealed that the annual percentage returns on homes sold in homeowners associations were significantly less than those of homes in other neighbourhoods statistically controlling for property characteristics and prevailing economic conditions at the time of the original purchase. Correlates of home prices at any point in time are not predictive of percentage return from purchase to sale.
Polární záře jsou konečným důsledkem řetězce událostí souvisících se sluneční aktivitou. Nabité částice se od Slunce šíří jako součást slunečního větru meziplanetárním prostorem. Malá část z nich je zachycena magnetosférami planet a některé z nich magnetosférou naší Země. Zejména elektrony pak interagují s horními vrstvami atmosféry a excitované atomy či molekuly kyslíku a dusíku způsobují při deexcitaci překrásné nebeské divadlo - polární záři. V článku jsou vysvětleny makroskopické a mikroskopické mechanismy vzniku polárních září včetně historie jejich výzkumu. Stručně jsou shrnuty výsledky expedice Aurora 2002 pořádané katedrou fyziky FEL ČVUT a sdružením Aldebaran Group for Astrophysics. Diskutovány jsou naše zkušenosti s fotografováním a pozorováním polárních září., Jakub Rozehnal, Petr Kulhánek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The photosynthetic pathway of the roots (both the white velamentous main portions and the green, nonvelamentous tips) was investigated in twelve taxa (natural species and intergeneric hybrid cultivars) of epiphytic orchids having CAM leaves. All organs contained chlorophyll, and the a/b ratios indicate that the organs, especially the roots, are likely shade-adapted. Stable carbon isotope ratios of the tissues were near -15‰ for all organs, a value typical of obligate (constitutive) CAM plants. Values for root tissues were slightly lower (more negative) than those of the leaves. The presence of CAM in the leaves of these orchids did not ensure that their roots performed CAM photosynthesis. Further work is needed to address the questions raised in this study and to determine if the photosynthetic roots of these taxa are capable of assimilating atmospheric CO2. and C. E. Martin ... [et al.].