Modelling of turbulent flow in curved channels and diffusers of rectangular cross-section was aimed at the evolution of secondary flow and origin of flow separation and their connection with energy losses and pressure recovery. Results of numerical simulations carried out using software CFX TASCflow 2.12 were compared with experiments made in a water channel. Turbulent flow in diffusers of rectangular cross-section with the constant channel height, flow turn angle 90 deg and area ratio AR = 1.5 was investigated. Numerical simulation was carried out for flow in diffusers with the cylindrical inner wall and with the cylindrical centreline. Turbulent flow in a curved channel of constant cross-section was investigated for comparison. Further, the effect of the inner wall radius on the character of flow in the diffuser was studied. Flow separation occurs on the inner wall of the channel before the bend exit and its extent is restricted to the central part of the channel due to secondary flow going from the sidewalls to the channel axis. The extent of separation region and consequently the energy losses decrease with the increasing radius of the inner wall curvature. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Summary: By means of analytical relations the influences of orbital errors (along-track, accross-track and radial component) on the range, range-difference, and range-rate measurements were studied and compared. In a similar manner the design matrices for the determination of pole coordinates and variation of earth rotation by means of these measurements were discussed.