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Start Over Coverage 437-445

1. Chaotic behaviour of continuous dynamical system generated by Euler equation branching and its application in macroeconomic equilibrium model

Creator:
Volná, Barbora
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Euler equation branching, chaos, IS-LM model, and QY-ML model
Language:
English
Description:
We focus on the special type of the continuous dynamical system which is genWe focus on the special type of the continuous dynamical system which is generated by Euler equation branching. Euler equation branching is a type of differential inclusion ˙x ∈ {f(x), g(x)}, where f, g : X ⊂ ℝ n → ℝ n are continuous and f(x) ≠ g(x) at every point x ∈ X. It seems this chaotic behaviour is typical for such dynamical system. In the second part we show an application in a new formulated overall macroeconomic equilibrium model. This new model is based on the fundamental macroeconomic aggregate equilibrium model called the IS-LM model.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

2. Chlorophyll a fluorescence response of Norway spruce needles to the long-term effect of elevated CO2 in relation to their position within the canopy

Creator:
Marek, M. V., Šprtová, M., Urban, O., and Špunda, V.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Pinus abies and shade/sunny needles
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
The long-term impact of elevated CO2 concentration on photosynthetic activity of sun-exposed (E) versus shaded (S) foliage was investigated in a Picea abies stand (age 12 years) after three years of cultivation in adjustable-lamella-domes (ALD). One ALD is supplied with either ambient air [ca. 350 µmol(CO2) mol-1; AC-variant) and the second with elevated CO2 concentration [ambient plus 350 µmol(CO2) mol-1; EC-variant). The pronounced vertical profile of the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) led to the typical differentiation of the photosynthetic apparatus between the S- and E-needles in the AC-variant estimated from the irradiance-responses of various parameters of the room temperature chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence parameters. Namely, electron transport rate (ETR), photochemical efficiency of photosystem 2, PS2 (ΦPS2), irradiance-saturated values of non-photochemical quenching of minimum (SV0) and maximum (NPQ) fluorescence levels, and photochemical fluorescence quenching (qp) at higher irradiances were all significantly higher for E-needles as compared with the S-ones. The prolonged exposure to EC did not cause any stimulation of ETR for the E-needles but a strongly positive effect of EC on ETR was observed for the S-needles resulting in more than doubled ETR capacity in comparison with S-needles from the AC-variant. For the E-needles in EC-variant a slightly steeper reduction of the ΦPS2 and qp occurred with the increasing irradiance as compared to the E-needles of AC-variant. On the contrary, the S-needles in EC variant revealed a significantly greater capacity to maintain a high ΦPS2 at irradiances lower than 200 µmol m-2 s-1 and to prevent the over-reduction of the PS2 reaction centres. Moreover, compared to the AC-variant the relation between SV0 and NPQ exhibited a strong decrease (up to 72 %) of the SV0-NPQ slope for the E-needles and an increase (up to 76 %) of this value for the S-needles. Hence the E- and S-foliage responded differently to the long-term impact of EC. Moreover, this exposure was responsible for the smoothing of the PAR utilisation vertical gradient in PS2 photochemical and non-photochemical reactions within the canopy. and M. V. Marek ... [et al.].
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

3. Different growth and physiological responses to experimental warming of two dominant plant species Elymus nutans and Potentilla anserina in an alpine meadow of the eastern Tibetan Plateau

Creator:
Shi, F. S., Wu, Y., Wu, N., and Luo, P.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
botanika, botany, Elymus nutans, experimental warning, growth, physiology, and Potentilla anserina
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
The effects of experimental warming on the growth and physiology of grass Elymus nutans and forb Potentilla anserina were studied by using open-top chambers (OTCs) in an alpine meadow of the eastern Tibetan Plateau. The warming treatment increased mean air and soil surface temperatures by 1.53°C and 0.50°C, respectively, but it reduced soil relative water content in the surface layer. Experimental warming enhanced the growth and gas exchange of E. nutans, while it reduced those of P. anserina. Experimental warming resulted in an increased efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) in E. nutans, while decreasing it in P. anserina; significantly stimulated non-photochemical quenching, antioxidative enzymes and non-enzymes in both species; and significantly reduced malondialdehyde content in E. nutans, while promoting it in P. anserina. The results of this study indicated that the two species showed different growth responses to experimental warming and their different physiological performances further indicated that experimental warming alleviated the negative effect of low temperature on the growth and development of E. nutans, but limited the competitive ability of P. anserina in the study region. and F. S. Shi ... [et al.].
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

4. Influence of boron deficiency on 14C02 and [U-14C] saccharose incorporation in primary metabolites in relation to essential oil accumulation in Meutha piperita

Creator:
Srivastava, N.K. and Luthra, R.
Format:
print
Type:
model:internalpart and TEXT
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
Under boron (B) deficiency, the CO2 exchange rate, chloropliyll (Clil) and oil contents significantly decreased, whereas Clil alb ratio, leaf area ratio and leaf stem ratio significantly increased. When B-deficient plants had been siipplied witli tlie control solution for 3 weeks, there was a partial recoveiy in sonie growtli and yield parameters. In leaves of deficient plants, •^C02 incoiporation in sugars, ainino acids and organic acids decreased, whereas in stems the incoiporation of these three fractions was higher than in the Controls. Upon recovery (3 weeks) the pattenis of '‘*C02 incoiporation in sugars, amino acids and organic acids in leaves and stems were similar to those in conPol plants. In leaves of the B-deficient plants, [U-’‘*C] saccharose incoiporation was very high with respect to Controls, and a major portion was in ethanol soluble fraction. The incoiporation was significantly higher in sugars and organic acids than in amino acids. A substantial portion of labellcd saccharose remained in the stem and it was significantly higher than in control plants. Under B- deficiency, the levels of primaiy metabolites and their partitioiiiiig between leaf and stem significantly influenced the essential oil accumulation.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

5. Laudan, intuition and normative naturalism

Creator:
Sankey, Howard
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
epistemic normativity, meta-methodology, method, and theory-change
Language:
Slovak
Description:
The aim of this paper is to document Laudan’s rejection of the appeal to intuition in the context of his development of normative naturalism. At one point in the development of his methodological thinking, Laudan appealed to pre-analytic intuitions, which might be employed to identify episodes in the history of science against which theories of scientific methodology are to be tested. However, Laudan came to reject this appeal to intuitions, and rejected this entire approach to the evaluation of a theory of method. This is an important stage in the development of his normative naturalist meta-methodology.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public