Models were developed to estimate nondestructively chlorophyll (Chl) content per unit of leaf area (Chlarea) and nitrogen content per unit of leaf area (Narea) using readings of two optical meters for five warm-temperate, evergreen, broadleaved tree species (Castanopsis sieboldii, Cinnamomum tenuifolium, Eurya japonica, Machilus thunbergii, and Neolitsea sericea). It was determined whether models should be adjusted seasonally. Readings (were obtained six times during a year period and Chlarea and Narea were determined using destructive methods. Bayesian inference was used to estimate parameters of models that related optical meter readings to Chlarea or Narea for each species. Deviance information criterion values were used to select the best among models, including the models with seasonal adjustment. The selected models were species-specific and predicted Chlarea accurately (R2 = 0.93-0.96). The best model included parameters with seasonal adjustments for one out of five species. Model-based estimates of Narea were not as accurate as those for Chlarea, but they were still adequate (R2 = 0.64-0.82). For all species studied, the best models did not include parameters with seasonal adjustments. The estimation methods used in this study were rapid and nondestructive; thus, they could be used to assess a function of many leaves and/or repeatedly on individual leaves in the field. and D. Mizusaki, K. Umeki, T. Honjo.
Photosynthetic and growth characteristics of the control potato plants cv. Zvíkov and those transformed by Agrobacterium were compared during their cultivation in vitro in agar medium with 1 % saccharose, after having been transplanted into pots with soil, or growing from tubers in soil. The average leaf aiea, fresh and dry matter, chlorophyll a and b ratio, and contents calculated per fresh and diy matter of the leaf area were significantly higher in the control plants raised from tubers and in vitro cultivated than in the transplanted ones. The significant increase in oxygen evolution by leaf fragments was found only in the control potato plants raised from tubers. Differences between photochemical activities of chloroplasts isolated from control and transformed plants were statistically significant only when calculated per fresh leaf matter. Chloroplasts from transformed potato plants grown from tubers and from those cultivated in vitro exhibited higher activities of photosystems (PS) 2 and PS 1 independently on the donors and acceptors of electrons ušed. On the contrary, higher activities of both photosystems were found in chloroplasts isolated from the control plants transferred to soil.
We give an expository account of a Weierstrass type representation of the non-zero constant mean curvature surfaces in space and discuss the meaning of the representation from the point of view of partial differential equations.