We studied how the reductions of trienoic fatty acids (TAs) and increases of dienoic fatty acids (DAs) enhanced high-temperature tolerance in antisense expression of tomato chloroplast omega-3 fatty acid desaturase gene (LeFAD7) transgenic tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants. In transgenic plants, the content of linolenic acid (18:3) was markedly decreased, while linoleic acid (18:2) was increased correspondingly and the similar changes were observed under high-temperature stress as well. Under high-temperature stress, transgenic plants can maintain a relatively higher level of net photosynthetic rate (P N) and chlorophyll (Chl) content than that of wild type (WT) plants. A decreased Chl/Carotenoids (xanthophylls and carotenes, Car) ratio and Chl a/b ratio were observed in transgenic plants. Transgenic plants exhibited visible decrease in the relative electrolyte conductivity, higher activities of antioxidative enzymes and lower reactive oxygen species correspondingly than WT. In addition, high-temperature stress for 24 h caused more extensive changes of chloroplast ultrastructure in WT than in transgenic plants. We therefore suggested that the enhancement of high-temperature tolerance in antisense expression of LeFAD7 transgenic plants might be raised from the reduction of TAs and increase of DAs subsequently leading to series of physiological alterations. and X. Liu ... [et al.].
We present additional evidence in support of our prevlous work (Crifo, 1987 bc) in which, from theoretical fits to Comet Halley
near -to far- infrared emissions, based on the in-situ flyby probes data, we estimated that the comet was losing half or more of its mass under the form of large (> 1 gram) grains of small (0.3 g cm-^3) density. We confirm that the comet dust-to-gas mass loss rate ratio lies somewhere between the values 0.80 and 18.6, with a best estimate at 3.46. We discuss this result in the context of the general agreement that comets loose less than half of their total mass loss in dust, and this dominantly at very smáli grain sizes. We trace this agreement back to overconfidence placed in a model size distribution which inherently excludes substantial mass loss in
large grains without appropriate experimental justification.
Among the important works of local his tory of the end of the 19th century belongs also a huge German work „Die österreichisch-ungarische Monarchie in Wort und Bild“ that, besides demographic, geographic, historical or economical tractates contains also ethnographic studies. It also contains a volume dedicated to Moravia and Silesia, two multiethnic regions dominated by Czech and German inhabitants (in Silesia also the Poles played an important role). The book thus deals not only with two independent political units, but also with two nations whose mutual relations were certainly problematic at the time of the publication of this work. It seems that also in this book manifested itself the contemporary national barrier between the Czechs and the Germans, including the specialists on ethnography. In the book chapters written by renowned Czech authors, at the time at the peak of their Scientific career — František Bartoš, Josef Kivana or Vincenc Prásek. On the other hand, the authors of the ethnographic chapters about the German ethnic group are not that well known today. They didn't publish in the Czech ethnographic periodicals of the time, their works are not referred upon by their Czech colleagues. But the book as a whole is certainly well-arranged and balanced. The very ethnographical chapters provoke some doubts, because they reflect some of thepoliticalproblems of the time. In the very structure of these important chapters we can see a dominant role that the initiator s of the book ascribed to the German nation. Although it was less numerous and its folk culture and its folk culture could not be considered as a modelfor the folk culture ofother nation groups, the chapters on German folk culture precede chapters dedicated to the Czechs, resp. the Poles. The Czech nation is uniformly named „Slavic“, a fact that through its political conservatism certainly should have provoked the bad blood of the Czech patriotic circles. Also, the book was written in the particularly sensitive period ofrising discontent not only among the Czechs and the Germans, but also the Czech political representation and the leadership of the Habsburk Empire and its political élite.
The present paper is an evaluation of photoelectric observations of teh eomts 1956h amd 1957d, made at the observatory of the University in Brno. The observations were carried out both in integral light and in selected spectral ranges, corresponding to the international colour system. the colour index of the comet 1956h indicates a sudden drop on May 2nd, which has been verified also by other observations. This drop is explicable only by an increased emission of gases into the coma. The mean colour index is 0.58, which corresponds to the colour index of stars of the spectral class GO. The mean colour index of part of the tail is - if we disregard the drop on May 2nd - +0·78. The photometric parameters, derived from flawless observations are m0υ = 6·55. nυ = 2·03 and m0B = 7·15, nB = 2·30. One good observation of the comet 1957d yielded the colout index of 0·15.
Morphology of adult parasitic hermaphrodites, free-living males and females, rhabditoid and infective larvae of Rhabdias agkistrodonis Sharpilo, 1976 is described. Adult parasites of the species differ from corresponding stage of other Rhabdias species from snakes in the presence of short cuticular needle on the tip of the tail. Free-living generation stages of R. agkistrodonis have typical rhabditoid morphology. Homogonic infective larvae differ from heterogonic ones in the shape of stoma and oesophagus. Three new hosts: Halys viper (Agkistrodon halys) (Pallas) from Altaiskii Krai (Russia), Okinawa habu (Trimeresurus flavoviridis) (Ilallowell)' and T, elegans (Gray) from Okinawa Island (Japan) are added to the host range of R. agkistrodonis known previously exclusively from short-tailed viper (Agkistrodon blomhoffi) from the Russian Far East.
Changes in the activity of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPC), soluble proteins and l‘*C02 fixation were studied in Vigna sinen.sis L. seedlings grovvn under nonnal and ultraviolet-B (UV-B) enhanced radiations at 10, 20, 30 and 40 ^C. The seedlings grown under nonnal radiation showed a progressive increase in enzyme activity, soluble protein and *‘*C02 fixation with an increase in temperature from 20 to 40 oC, while seedlings grown under UV-B enhanced radiation showed gradual decrease in these parameters with a maximum effect at 20-30 oC, At 40 oC, the inhibition was less. RuBPC activity, soluble protein content and '‘♦CO2 fixation showed parallel increases with increasing period of UV-B treatment at 10 oC, The polypeptide pattem of crude leaf extract showed progressive decrease in the level of 55 and 13 kDa polypeptides with the time of UV-B treatment at 20 and 30 °C. However, no such loss in these polypeptides was observed at 10 oC, and at 40 oC only a marginal loss in the level of 13 kDa polypeptide had occuned.