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Start Over Coverage 59-79

2. Pilníkářské řemeslo - technologie rukodělné výroby. I.

Creator:
Michalička, Václav
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
file making, file, rasp, craft, handicraft, workshop, and manufacturing tools
Language:
Czech
Description:
File making is a less known branch of smithery, the production of which can be divided into two basic typologically distinct groups - files and rasps. Handmaking of a range of files and rasps included a number of special operations, which led the metal processing sector into becoming a specialized and independent area. The fundamental task of file-making was to create a cutting edge on a prepared forged piece of a file or rasp item. The oldest method was hand crafting which survived from ancient times until the 20th century in almost unchanged form. Independent areas with a strong concentration of file manufacturing were established thanks to some specific conditions. In the Svratka region, a significant part of archaic technologies referring deep into the past of file manufacturing all the way to the 1950s was preserved due to the prosperity of file making.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

3. Symbolické chování v revoluci 1848: revoluční móda

Creator:
Randák, Jan
Format:
print
Type:
model:internalpart and TEXT
Subject:
revolution 1848/49, 1848-1849, symbolic behaviour, revolutionary fashion, national clothing, role of women in revolution of 1848/49, and public space
Language:
Czech
Description:
Revolution of the year 1848 constituted a specific space for human behaviour, permeated by symbols and metaphors. Under the sphere of outward behaviour comes also the peculiar problem of fashion of the time. This fashion we can call revolutionary in broader context, in Czech millieu it could be called national fashion. A prerequisite for spreading of concrete aspects of revolutionary fashion in Europe constituted the nascent „communication space“ that enabled, among others, also the trasfer of cloth designs. In the Czech lands the year 1848 was marked by the efforts for establishing the national style of dress. National clothing became a political symbol of the time, a way to acclaim liberties and constitutionalism. More pronounced was its national role. National clothing was perceived, together with language and national character, as an outward display of the the peculiarity of Czech nation. The most important was not the shape of the national clothing, but its very existence. On the other hand in European context we can talk about revolutionary fashion. As an example could serve the situation of German democrats and revolutionaries who did not have peculiar uniforms, but in most cases followed the style of their leaders. This relates especially to head covers as well as hairdressing. National and revolutionary dress served also as a means of symbolic occupation of public space. In the Czech lands this was true for ethnical competition with Bohemian Germans, in general context for „marking“ of revolution or liberal territory against conservative forces.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public