The Institute of History at the University in Zielona Gora systematically focuses on research on settlement changes and population development in the Western border region of contemporary Poland, which in the past was settled first by Slavic and later by German populations. This article provides information on the most important studies that represent sources of information on the history of settlement, ethnic structure, and demographic development in this region, dating back to the end of the 18th century, but emphasising more recent work, which mainly targets the Polish parts of Lusatia and Lubusz. and Z polštiny přeložil Eduard Maur.
Knowledge of soil hydraulic and thermal properties is essential for studies involving the combined effects of soil temperature and water input on water flow and redistribution processes under field conditions. The objective of this study was to estimate the parameters characterizing these properties from a transient water flow and heat transport field experiment. Real-time sensors built by the authors were used to monitor soil temperatures at depths of 40, 80, 120, and 160 cm during a 10-hour long ring infiltration experiment. Water temperatures and cumulative infiltration from a single infiltration ring were monitored simultaneously. The soil hydraulic parameters (the saturated water content θ s , empirical shape parameters α and n, and the saturated hydraulic conductivity Ks) and soil thermal conductivity parameters (coefficients b1 , b2 , and b3 in the thermal conductivity function) were estimated from cumulative infiltration and temperature measurements by inversely solving a two-dimensional water flow and heat transport using HYDRUS-2D. Three scenarios with a different, sequentially decreasing number of optimized parameters were considered. In scenario 1, seven parameters (θ s , Ks , α, n, b1 , b2 , and b3) were included in the inverse problem. The results indicated that this scenario does not provide a unique solution. In scenario 2, six parameters (Ks , α, n, b1 , b2 , and b3) were included in the inverse problem. The results showed that this scenario also results in a non-unique solution. Only scenario 3, in which five parameters (α, n, b1 , b2 , and b3) were included in the inverse problem, provided a unique solution. The simulated soil temperatures and cumulative infiltration during the ring infiltration experiment compared reasonably well with their corresponding observed values.
Plasmodia of a Henneguya species measuring 70-900 pm and exhibiting season-dependent stages of development were detected throughout a three-year study on gill myxosporosis of Lake Balaton pikeperch (Stizostedion lucioperca (L.)). Sixty-five out of 160 fish (41%) examined in the period of study were infected by the parasite. Infection was the most prevalent (48%) among pikeperch specimens exceeding 40 cm in length. The highest prevalence of infection (58%) was recorded in 1995-1996 while the lowest (30%) in 1996-1997. The youngest plasmodia appeared in April, and started to develop within the capillaries of the secondary lamellae of the gill filaments. The round or ellipsoidal plasmodia which continued their gradual growth in the subsequent months of the year achieved a size of 800-900 pm by the late autumn months, but remained in intralamellar location throughout the developmental cycle. Mature spores developed in the plasmodia by the end of winter. On the basis of their shape and size, the spores were identified as Henneguya creplini (Gurley, 1894). However, because of the uncertain taxonomy of species assigned to the genus Henneguya the taxonomic position of the parasite requires further study. The host reaction consisting of epithelial proliferation and granulation tissue formation starts around the infected secondary lamella only after the maturation of spores and the disruption of plasmodia.
In Guodian in October 1993 an important archeological find of manuscripts was made, a part of which was the text The Grand One generates water. It was an unknown and, in the Chinese tradition, unique, “water cosmogony”, which was appended to the oldest known version of the Taoist anthology Laozi. The highest element in the cosmological scheme is the Great One, which it is possible to understand in a simplified manner as the Way of the Dao. The Grand One generates water which in return works with it on the birth of the heavens, which makes it something like an elementary tool. In further phases the cooperation of heavens and the Grand One generates earth and after the cooperation of the heavens with earth the other elements of the scheme. The returning (the principle of backness, feedback) and the mutual interaction of opposites put into motion the entire process. and Im Oktober 1993 machte man im chinesischen Guodian einen bedeutenden archäologischen Fund von Schriftstücken. Unter ihnen befand sich auch der Text Das große Eine gebiert das Wasser. Es handelt sich um eine früher ganz unbekannte und in der chinesischen Tradition einmalige „Wasser-Kosmogonie“, die an die bislang älteste bekannte Version der taoistischen Anthologie Laozi angefügt war. Das höchste Element des kosmologischen Schemas ist das Große Eine, das vereinfacht als „Weg Dao“ verstanden werden kann. Das Große Eine gebiert das Wasser, das regressiv mit ihm bei der Geburt des Himmels zusammenwirkt und so gewissermaßen zu einem Primärwerkzeug des Höchsten wird. In den weiteren Phasen wird aus dem Zusammenwirken des Himmels mit dem Großen Einen die Erde geboren und nach dem Zusammenwirken von Himmel und Erde entstehen weitere Elemente des Schemas. Der ganze Prozess wird durch die Rückwirkung (das Prinzip des Zurückwirkens, der Rückkoppelung) und das gemeinsame Wirken der Gegensätze ständig neu in Bewegung gesetzt.