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2. Nondestructive leaf-area estimation and validation for green pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) grown under different stress conditions

Creator:
Cemek, B., Unlukara, A., and Kurunc, A.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
botanika, botany, green pepper, irrigation regime, irrigation water salinity, leaf area estimation, and nondestructive metods
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
Leaf area of a plant is essential to understand the interaction between plant growth and environment. This useful variable can be determined by using direct (some expensive instruments) and indirect (prediction models) methods. Leaf area of a plant can be predicted by accurate and simple leaf area models without damaging the plant, thus, provide researchers with many advantages in horticultural experiments. Several leaf-area prediction models have been produced for some plant species in optimum conditions, but not for a plant grown under stress conditions. This study was conducted to develop leaf area estimation models by using linear measurements such as lamina length and width by multiple regression analysis for green pepper grown under different stress conditions. For this purpose, two experiments were conducted in a greenhouse. The first experiment focused to determine leaf area of green pepper grown under six different levels of irrigation water salinity (0.65, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, and 7.0 dS m-1) and the other under four different irrigation regime (amount of applied water was 1.43, 1.0, 0.75, and 0.50 times of required water). In addition to general models for each experiment, prediction models of green pepper for each treatment of irrigation water salinity and of irrigation regime experiments were obtained. Validations of the models for both experiments were realized by using the measurements belong to leaf samples allocated for validation purposes. As a result, the determined equations can simply and readily be used in prediction of leaf area of green pepper grown under salinity and water stress conditions. The use of such models enable researchers to measure leaf area on the same plants during the plant growth period and, at the same time, may reduce variability in experiments. and B. Cemek ... [et al.].
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

3. Temporal and spatial distribution of glochidial larval stages of European unionid mussels (Mollusca: Unionidae) on host fishes

Creator:
Blažek, Radim and Gelnar, Milan
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
glochidia, seasonality, host specificity, gill and fin parasites, and freshwater mussel
Language:
English
Description:
Glochidia are the larval stage of freshwater unionid mussels that parasitize the fins and gill apparatus of fish. A total of 22 fish species were examined for the presence of glochidia whose distribution on individual hosts was studied on three common fish species, the roach Rutilus rutilus (L.), perch Perca fluviatilis L. and bitterling Rhodeus sericeus (Pallas). Between 1997 and 1999, the fish were obtained from the rivers Morava and Kyjovka and surrounding water pools in the Czech Republic. The glochidia of two genera, Unio and Anodonta, were found. Anodonta glochidia were observed on 10 fish species, Unio glochidia on 17 fish species. There was a difference in spatial distribution of glochidia on the body of the host fish. Unio glochidia were predominantly located on the gills, whereas most Anodonta glochidia were found on the fins, with the highest numbers of glochidia were observed on the margin of the pectoral fins. For the gill apparatus, Unio glochidia were found predominantly on the second and third arch. Anodonta glochidia were predominantly found during winter and spring (November-May), whereas Unio glochidia were more abundant during May and June. The number of glochidia was positively correlated with fish length in perch highly infected by Anodonta glochidia and perch infected by Unio glochidia. Of the three fish species, the highest occurrence of parasites was found on perch with fewer observed on roach. In spite of the close relationship between bitterling and unionid mussels, glochidiosis was rare on this fish species.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

4. Ultraviolet-B radiation (280-315 nm) invoked antioxidant defence systems in Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. and Crotalaria juncea L.

Creator:
Selvakumar, V.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
ascorbate-glutathione cycle, ascorbate oxidase and peroxidase, catalase, dehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione transferase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, oxidative stress, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
A crop legume Vigna unguiculata L. (Walp.) and a wild legume Crotalaria juncea L. were evaluated for their relative responses to the oxidative stress injury induced by various doses of UV-B radiation (UV-B, 280-315 nm; 0, 1.0, 1.4, 4.7, and 6.0 kJ m-2 d-1). A dose-dependent damage in lipid peroxidation was determined as an index of membrane injury caused by UV-B. The impact was significantly higher in V. unguiculata than in C. juncea. The specific activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, and dehydroascorbate reductase increased directly proportional to UV-B doses. However, the activities of these enzymes were significantly higher in V. unguiculata than in C. juncea indicating that V. unguiculata was inflicted with more severe oxidative stress injury under UV-B. In C. juncea the glutathione reductase and ascorbate oxidase activities were 35 and 40 % greater than in V. unguiculata, respectively. Further, the non-enzymatic antioxidants ascorbate and glutathione, and their reduced/oxidizes ratios in C. juncea were much greater than V. unguiculata indicating C. juncea has an inherently greater antioxidative potential than V. unguiculata. Thus C. juncea is better adapted to oxidative stress than V. unguiculata by means of efficient cellular antioxidant mechanisms helping to combat the photooxidative stress injury elicited by UV-B.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public