The sinonasal mucosa has an essential role in defense
mechanisms of the upper respiratory tract. The innate immune
system presents the primary defense against noxious
microorganisms followed by induction of the adaptive immune
mechanisms as a consequence of the presence of pathogens.
This well-known activation of adaptive immune system in
response to presence of the antigen on mucosal surfaces is now
broadly applicated in vaccinology research. Prevention of
infectious diseases belongs to substantial challenges in
maintaining the population health. Non-invasive, easily applicable
mucosal vaccination purposes various research opportunities that
could be usable in daily practice. However, the existence of
multiple limitations such as rapid clearance of vaccine from nasal
mucosa by means of mucociliary transport represents a great
challenge in development of safe and efficient vaccines. Here we
give an updated view on nasal functions with focus on nasal
mucosal immunity and its potential application in vaccination in
nearly future.