Karcinom prsu je nejčastější nádorové onemocnění u žen. Každoročně postihuje více než 1 000 000 žen na celém světě. Z toho zhruba 11 % případů rakoviny prsu lze připisovat konzumaci alkoholu u žen. Cílem tohoto článku je vytvořit představu o podílu nákladů na léčbu karcinomu prsu, který lze přiřadit konzumaci alkoholu v ČR v roce 2007. Zjištěná výsledná částka, kterou je třeba vynaložit na léčbu pacientek pravidelně konzumujících alkohol, je 39 mil. Kč., Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Annually, it affects more than 1 million women worldwide. Thereof, some 11% of the breast cancer incidence can be attributed to alcohol consumption in women. The aim of this article is to create a notion of the proportion of the costs spent to treat breast cancer that can be ascribed to alcohol consumption in the Czech Republic in 2007. The overall amount that is to be spent to treat women patients who regularly consume alcohol is 39 million CZK., Iva Šmídová, and Literatura 20
This article focuses on the latter approach, in particular on the occupational gender segregation in relation to the gender segregation in education. The theory of human capital suggests that the increasing level of qualification, talents and productive skills of women acquired in the educational system, training and experience at work, should have a positive impact on quality of women's position in the labour market and enhance gender equality. Given the increasing educational attainment of women over the past decades, one would assume that their position in the labour market, including the gender segregation in occupational categories, has improved as well. However, the results of current research prove that despite all the changes and progress made with respect to the level of education of women, the level of occupational segregation tends to remain relatively stable over time. Thus, the increasing level of education does not seem to have a very strong impact on the overall level of gender segregation in occupations. One of the possible explanations may be the fact that women and men tend to choose different fields of study which predetermine their participation in particular categories of occupational structure to a larger extent than their level of education. Men are still overrepresented in different fields of education than women and this tendency seems to persist even in the countries where a campaign has been led for the promotion of democratic and non-discriminatory practices in the system of education. The main aims of this article are: 1) to conduct a cross-national comparison of levels of occupational gender segregation and 2) to examine the relation between the level of occupational gender segregation and gender segregation in education (both vertical and horizontal). The analyses include 18 European countries covered by the European Social Survey (ESS) conducted in 2004.
Vážené čtenářky, vážení čtenáři, ustavování hranic – distinkcí a demarkací – je politikum, toto tvrzení je v oblasti genderových a feministických studií truismem. Rozleptávání zdánlivě stabilních diskriminačních znaků bylo ostatně jednou z klíčových feministických snah a je dodnes předmětem mnoha diskursivně -materiálních bojů. Jestliže se feministky na počátku soustřeďovaly zejména na pohlaví a gender, postupně se přidávaly hranice další, založené na sexuální orientaci, konstrukci „rasových“ a etnických hranic, socioekonomickém statusu, geografické lokaci a další., Marcela Linková, Iva Šmídová., and Obsahuje bibliografii