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3. Dítě z lesa jako filosofický problém: několik poznámek k filosofickému pozadí Itardovy Zprávy o Victorovi z Aveyronu

Creator:
Fulka, Josef
Format:
print, text, regular print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
speciální pedagogika, znakový jazyk, osvícenství, special education, sign language, enlightenment, filozofie osvícenství, teorie výchovy, philosophy of the enlightenment, theory of education, 8, and 94(437)
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
The aim of the present paper is to examine certain philosophical issues which have set the tone of the philosophical reflection in eighteenth century France in relation to a specific case study: that of the "wild child" known as Victor of Aveyron. Found in 1800 in central France, Victor was later transferred to the Parisian Institute of the Deaf­Mutes, where he became the object of educational activities of Jean­Marc Itard, a medical expert known for his works on the problem of hearing loss. Through a brief critical examination of the most notorious philosophical texts dealing both with the question of wild children and deafness (namely by Rousseau, Diderot and Condillac), we attempt to show that the specificity of Itard’s educational method consists in an application of the sensualist approach towards the human individual (as it is exemplified especially in the work of Condillac) on a concrete human subject, considered as a tangible proof of the inexistence of innate ideas. On this basis, we sketch several broader questions concerning the status of anomaly in the eighteenth century philosophical thought (namely, wild children and deafness), as well as some hypotheses on education and its fantasmatic aspects in general., Josef Fulka., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

4. Gesture, language and affect: rousseau, condillac and their relevance for linguistic research today

Creator:
Fulka, Josef
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
gesto, osvícenství, lingvistika, gesture, enlightenment, linguistics, geneze jazyka, osvícenská filosofie, genesis of language, philosophy of the Enlightenment, 8, and 94(437)
Language:
Czech
Description:
The aim of the present text is to consider 18th century language genealogies, as proposed by Rousseau and Condillac, in relation to the question of gesture and affectivity. For it seems that a certain form of affect - need in Condillac, passion in Rousseau - comes to play a central role in the speculations concerning the possible origin of human communication whose nature is invariably considered to be gestural as well as vocal. Our aim will be to show that the insights both thinkers present on the subject corresponds, quite remarkably, with certain findings of modern linguistics and psychology. It is, of course, impossible to treat the issue in all its complexity; all that we will attempt to do is concentrate on certain significant passages and pinpoint what we consider to be the most remarkable arguments., Josef Fulka., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

5. Jazyk a výchova v Rousseauově „Emilovi“

Creator:
Fulka, Josef
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Language:
Czech
Description:
The aim of this article is to briefly discuss several motifs connected with language in Rousseau’s writing about upbringing. The most important of these are Rousseau’s insights into language acquisition which, in many ways, correspond with the discoveries of contemporary psycho-linguistics. We shall also consider the principle of linguistic parsimony as a basic rule of upbringing. This rule has serious consequences not for all areas of upbringing but also for Rousseau’s conception of the relation between the human mind and ideas. After examining several concrete examples which Rousseau uses to demonstrate the necessity of this rule, we point to one basic exception to this general principle – this is the function of language in the curbing of sexual fantasies in the maturing human being.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

7. Láskyplnost v Rousseauově Nové Héloise

Creator:
Balibar, Étienne and Fulka, Josef
Format:
print, text, regular print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 1712-1778, francouzská literatura, literární teorie, French literature, literary theory, epistolární román, epistolary novel, 8, and 94(437)
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
The aim of the present study is to trace an interpretation of Rousseau’s novel Julie ou la Nouvelle Heloise on the basis of the difference between love and friendship. Starting with a brief reminder of Paul de Man’s interpretation of this novel in Allegories of Reading, the author turns to Jacques Derrida and borrows a key neologism from his book The Politics of Friendship: aimance or lovence, an affective modality which blurs and transcends the duality of love and friendship. On this basis, the author presents a few remarks concerning the literary form of the novel, the configuration of its characters and finally the place of Rousseau’s Julie in the context of his other works. Rather than being an isolated literary work, Julie seems to be an attempt to answer certain questions concerning the relation between individual and society from a different angle than that chosen in The Social Contract., Etienne Balibar ; překlad Josef Fulka., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

8. Lévi-Strauss, Schaeffer, Wagner: hudební struktura mýtu

Creator:
Fulka, Josef
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
filozofie, philosophy, structural anthropology, methodology of human science, musical composition, concrete music, Richard Wagner, 5, and 101
Language:
Czech
Description:
The aim of the present paper is to analyse briefly the complicated references to musical composition in the work of Claude Lévi-Strauss. In his monumental tetralogy entitled Mythologiques, Lévi-Strauss considers the musical composition as a paradigm for structural analysis of myths. In this respect, the author compares Lévi-Strauss’ position with that of Pierre Schaeffer whose project of the “concrete music” is strongly criticised by Lévi-Strauss. In the second part of the text, Lévi-Strauss’ structural analysis of Wagner’s operas are examined, as well as the criticism ad dressed to Lévi-Strauss by Jean-Jacques Nattiez - universalist pretension and vagueness of the method based upon binary oppositions seems to represent weak points of Lévi-Strauss’ impressive effort to set new bases for human sciences. and Josef Fulka.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public