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5. George F. Smoot: životopis

Creator:
Smoot, George F. and Gregora, Ivan
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Smoot, George, 1945-, 20.-21. století, fyzici, záření, ceny a vyznamenání, Nobelova cena (ocenění), physicists, radiation, awards, Nobel Prizes, Spojené státy americké, United States, 6, and 53
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
Získat Nobelovu cenu je událost, která změní život. Bod zlomu. Mnoho lidí chce vědět, jak toho laureát dosáhl, a také se po něm žádá, aby dodal svůj životopis. To všechno a události provázející udělení Nobelovy ceny způsobí, že se každý z nás zamyslí nad svým životem, zavzpomíná a pokusí se vystihnout všechny události, které ho dovedly až do přítomnosti., George F. Smoot ; přeložil Ivan Gregora., and přeloženo z angličtiny
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

6. LIGO a objev gravitačních vln I.: Přednáška u příležitosti udělení Nobelovy ceny za fyziku za rok 2017. 1

Creator:
Weiss, Rainer and Gregora, Ivan
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
gravitační vlny, gravity waves, 6, and 53
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
This article presents translations from the Nobel lectures for physics in 2017 given by all three laureates, who decided to use the same title, but each one focused on different aspects of the discovery. Weiss discussed the early history of gravitational waves and presented the concepts needed to understand the detectors as well as the challenges faced in measuring strains as small as 10-21. Barish describes how the LIGO project was organized to make steady improvements and ultimately carried out a successful scientific program. He describes signal detections as well as ideas of how to improve the detectors. Thorne presented the broader aspects of the new field of gravitational wave astronomy. He described the critical role of numerical relativity simulations and understanding quantum mechanics of precision measurements. He also gave a vision of the science that could come from an investigation of the gravitational wave sky from periods of fractions of milliseconds to tens of billions of years., Rainer Weiss., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

7. LIGO a objev gravitačních vln II.: Přednáška u příležitosti udělení Nobelovy ceny za fyziku za rok 2017. 2

Creator:
Barish, B. C. (Barry Clark) and Gregora, Ivan
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
gravitační vlny, gravity waves, 6, and 53
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
This article presents translations from the Nobel lectures for physics in 2017 given by all three laureates, who decided to use the same title, but each one focused on different aspects of the discovery. Weiss discussed the early history of gravitational waves and presented the concepts needed to understand the detectors as well as the challenges faced in measuring strains as small as 10-21. Barish describes how the LIGO project was organized to make steady improvements and ultimately carried out a successful scientific program. He describes signal detections as well as ideas of how to improve the detectors. Thorne presented the broader aspects of the new field of gravitational wave astronomy. He described the critical role of numerical relativity simulations and understanding quantum mechanics of precision measurements. He also gave a vision of the science that could come from an investigation of the gravitational wave sky from periods of fractions of milliseconds to tens of billions of years., Barry C. Barish., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

8. LIGO a objev gravitačních vln III.: Přednáška u příležitosti udělení Nobelovy ceny za fyziku za rok 2017. 3

Creator:
Thorne, Kip S. (Kip Stephen) and Gregora, Ivan
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
gravitační vlny, gravity waves, 6, and 53
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
This article presents translations from the Nobel lectures for physics in 2017 given by all three laureates, who decided to use the same title, but each one focused on different aspects of the discovery. Weiss discussed the early history of gravitational waves and presented the concepts needed to understand the detectors as well as the challenges faced in measuring strains as small as 10-21. Barish describes how the LIGO project was organized to make steady improvements and ultimately carried out a successful scientific program. He describes signal detections as well as ideas of how to improve the detectors. Thorne presented the broader aspects of the new field of gravitational wave astronomy. He described the critical role of numerical relativity simulations and understanding quantum mechanics of precision measurements. He also gave a vision of the science that could come from an investigation of the gravitational wave sky from periods of fractions of milliseconds to tens of billions of years., Kip S. Thorne., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

9. Neutrinová observatoř v Sudbury: pozorování změny "vůně" slunečních neutrin: přednáška u příležitosti udělení Nobelovy ceny za fyziku za rok 2015

Creator:
McDonald, Arthur B. and Gregora, Ivan
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Nobelova cena (ocenění), fyzika, Nobel Prizes, physics, přednášky, sluneční neutrina, neutrinová observatoř, lectures, 6, and 53
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
The nuclear fusion processes that power the Sun take place at such high temperatures that the nuclei of atoms are able to fuse together, a process that results in the creation of very large numbers of fundamental particles called neutrinos. Neutrinos only interact through the weak interaction and gravity and therefore can penetrate out from the core of the Sun and through the Earth with little or no interaction. It is these neutrinos from the Sun that are the subject of our measurements with the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO), 2 km underground in a mine near Sudbury, Canada. With the use of heavy water as a central element in the design of SNO it was possible to determine clearly that electron neutrinos change to one of the other active flavors before reaching our detector, a property that requires that they have a mass greater than zero. Both of these fundamental neutrino properties are beyond the predictions of the Standard Model for elementary particles. Extensions of the Standard Model to include these neutrino properties can give us a more complete understanding of our Universe at a very basic level., Arthur B. McDonald ; přeložil Ivan Gregora., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

10. Objev oscilací atmosférických neutrin: přednáška u příležitosti udělení Nobelovy ceny za fyziku za rok 2015

Creator:
Kajita, Takaaki and Gregora, Ivan
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Nobelova cena (ocenění), fyzika, Nobel Prizes, physics, přednášky, oscilace atmosferických neutrin, neutriny, mionové neutriny, lectures, 6, and 53
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
V roce 1918 zaznamenal detektor Kamiokande v toku atmosférických neutrin neočekávaný deficit mionových neutrin. V té době se za možné vysvětlení považovaly neutrinové oscilace. Posléze, v roce 1998, při studiu atmosférických neutrin detektorem Super-Kamiokande byly neutrinové oscilace objeveny, což vedlo k závěru, že neutrina mají hmotnost. Cítím, že jsem měl mimořádné štěstí, protože jsem se tohoto vzrušujícího objevu od samého počátku účastnil. Objev nenulových hmotností neutrin otevřel okno ke studiu fyziky nad rámec standardního modelu fyziky elementárních částic, zejména fyziky na škále velmi vysokých energií, jakou je velké sjednocení interakcí elementárních částic. Současně však zbývá mnoho věcí, které je třeba pozorovat na samotných neutrinech. Další studium neutrin by nám mohlo poskytnout informace, které mají fundamentální význam pro naše porozumění přírodě, jako např. původ hmoty ve vesmíru., An unexpected muon neutrino deficit was observed in the atmospheric neutrino flux by Kamiokande in 1988. At that time neutrino oscillation was considered as a possible explanation for the data. Subsequently, in 1998, through the studies of atmospheric neutrinos, Super-Kamiokande discovered neutrino oscillations, establishing that neutrinos have mass. I feel that I have been extremely lucky, because I have been involved in the excitement of this discovery from its very beginning. The discovery of nonzero neutrino masses has opened a window to study physics beyond the Standard Model of elementary particle physics, notably physics at a very high energy scale such as the grand unification of elementary particle interactions. At the same time, there are still many things to be observed in neutrinos themselves. Further studies of neutrinos might give us information of fundamental importance for our understanding of nature, such as the origin of the matter in the Universe., Takaaki Kajita ; přeložil Ivan Gregora., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public