In the 20th century was the fate of the Assyrian people, the so called „Nestorians”, one of the smallest Christian communities of the Near East, full of oppression, suffering and sorrows. After the general genocide in Ottoman Turkey and Persia during the WWI there was a mass flight to the USA, Europe and Russia. The article describes the Assyrian-Russian relations during the last century and making a large diaspora in Eastern Europe. Special attention is paid to the Assyrians’ contribution to the Russian society and their current social and religious status.