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2. Caryospora maxima sp. n. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae), new coccidium from Forskal’s sand snake, Psammophis schokari (Serpentes: Colubridae) from lava desert of Jordan
- Creator:
- Modrý, David, Koudela, Břetislav, Al-Oran, Ratib M., and Amr, Zuhair S.
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- Apicomplexa, Eimeriidae, Caryospora maxima, Reptilia, Colubridae, Psammophis schokari, and Jordan
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A new coccidian parasite of the genus Caryospora Léger, 1904 is described from the colubrid snake Psammophis schokari (Forskâl, 1775). Oocysts of Caryospora maxima sp. n. are spherical or subspherical, 43.0 (40.0-46.0) X 42.1 (40.0-44.0) pm, with smooth and bilayered oocyst wall ca. 2.0 μιη thick. A micropyle, oocyst residuum and polar granule are absent. Sporocysls are broadly ellipsoidal, 21.3 (21.0-22.0) x 16.3 (16.0-17.0) μιη, with smooth, colourless and unilayered sporocyst wall. Sticda and substieda bodies are present. Sporocyst residuum is present as compact mass of granules lying centrally between sporozoites. Sporozoitcs arc elongate, arranged head to tail within sporocyst. Caryospora maxima represents the first coccidian species described from Psammophis schokari.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
3. Coccidia of genus Caryospora (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the long nosed vine snake, Ahaetulla nasuta (Serpentes: Colubridae: Boiginae) from southern India, with a description of C. veselyi sp. n.
- Creator:
- Modrý, David and Koudela, Břetislav
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- Apicomplexa, Eimeriidae, Caryospora ahaetullae, Caryospora veselyi sp. n., Serpentes, Colubridae, Ahaetulla nasuta, and India
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Faecal examination of the long nosed vine snake Ahaetulla nasuta Lacépède, 1789 revealed two species of caryosporan coccidia. The morphology of one species fits well with a description of Caryospora ahaetullae Modrý et Koudela, 1994, the second is a previously undescribed species. Oocysts of Caryospora veselyi sp. n. were spherical, 18.9 (16.5-21.5) pm in diameter, with pitted and brownish oocyst wall about 1.5 pm thick. An irregular polar granule about 2,0 x 1.0 pm was observed in 35% of the oocysts examined. Sporocysts were octozoic, ovoidal to ellipsoidal, 13.7 (13.0-15.5) x 10.3 (9.0-11.0) pm with a shape index 1.3 (1.2-1.4). Stieda and substieda bodies were present. Sporocyst residuum was present as small granules of irregular size scattered among sporozoiles. Both species sporulated within 72 hours. The infected snake did not show clinical signs of disease.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
4. Cytokine response to infection with the microsporidian, Encephalitozoon cuniculi
- Creator:
- Braunfuchsová, Pavlína, Kopecký, Jan, Ditrich, Oleg, and Koudela, Břetislav
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- microsporidia, Encephalitozoon, cytokines, and SCID mice
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The production of three cytokines, interferon gamma (IFN-y), interleukin 10 (1L-10) and interleukin 12 (IL-12), was measured after intraperitoneal infection of immunocompetent Balb/c mice and immunodeficient SCID mice with the microsporidian, Encephalitozoon cuniculi Levaditi, Nicolau ct Schoen, 1923. High levels of IFN-y were detected in ex vivo cultures of peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) of Balb/c mice, a lower, but earlier IFN-y response was observed in PEC from SCID mice. The early 1L-10 response was detected in ex vivo cultures of splenocytes from Balb/c but not from SCID mice, explaining a delay in the IFN-y response in Balb/c mice. IL-12 was detected in PEC cultures from SCID mice, indicating an alternative pathway of IFN-y production by NK. cells stimulated by IL-12 derived from macrophages.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
5. Discovery of the life cycle of Sarcocystis lacerine Babudieri, 1932 (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae), with a species redescription
- Creator:
- Volf, Jiří, Modrý, David, Koudela, Břetislav, and Šlapeta, Jan R.
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- Apicomplexa, Sarcocystidae, Sarcocystis lacertae, life cycle, and redescription
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Oocysts/sporocysts of Sarcocystis sp. were found in the intestinal contents of the smooth snake, Coronella austriaca I .aurenti. Common voles Microtus arvalis (Pallas), bank voles Clethrionomys glareolus (Schreber), green lizards Lacerta viridis (Laurcnti), and common wall lizards Podarcis muralis (Laurenti) were experimentally inoculated as potential intermediate hosts. Only common wall lizards were found to be susceptible intermediate hosts. Transparent, macroscopically hardly visible sarcocysts found in tail striated muscles of lizards were 480 (390-640) x 210 (190-230) pm in size 72 days post-infection. Using the light microscopy, the sarcocyst wall was about 1 pm thick with an apparent layer of villi approx. 2 pm thick. Ullraslruclurally, the primary cyst wall was characterised by spine-like villar protrusions up to 2.5 pm in length and 0.5 pm in diameter. Based on sarcocyst morphology and experimental data, the discovered Sarcocystis species is suggested to be conspccific with Sarcocystis lacertae Babudieri, 1932. A redescription of Sarcocystis lacertae is presented in this study.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
6. Effect of low and high temperatures on infectivity of Encephalitozoon cuniculi spores suspended in water
- Creator:
- Koudela, Břetislav, Kučerová, Štěpánka, and Hudcovic, Tomáš
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- microsporidia, temperature, infectivity, and SCID mice
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The survival of Encephalitozoon cuniculi Lcvaditi, Nicolau et Schoen, 1923 spores suspended in distilled water and exposed at defined temperatures was investigated. Infectivity of E. cuniculi spores was tested by inoculation of SCID mice. There was no marked loss of infectivity of spores stored at 4°C for two years or frozen at -12°C and -24°C for 1, 8, and 24 h. Although there was a remarkable loss of infectivity, spores remained infective after freezing at -70°C for 1 and 8 h. Heating at 60°C and 70°C for 5 min and 1 min, respectively, rendered the microsporidia non-infective. These findings demonstrate that E. cuniculi spores suspended in water can survive freezing temperatures but lost infectivity in water that reached a temperature of 60°C at 5 min.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
7. Eimeria burdai sp. n. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae), a new parasite species from subterranean African silvery mole-rat, Heliophobius argenteocinereus
- Creator:
- Koudela, Břetislav, Šumbera, Radim, and Sedláček, František
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- Apicomplexa, Eimeriidae, Eimeria burdai, Rodontia, Bathyergidae, and Heliophobius argenteocinereus
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A new coccidian parasite of the genus Eimeria Schneider, 1875 is described from the subterranean African silvery mole-rat Heliophobius argenteocinereus Peters, 1846. Oocysts of Eimeria burdai sp. n. were subspherical to broadly ellipsoidal 17.8 (16-19) x 14.1 (12-15), with ashape index 1.2 (1.1-1.4). Oocyst wall was bilayered, smooth and colourless, approximately 1.0 thick. Outer layer was significantly thicker than inner one. A micropyle and oocyst residuum were absent. One or two ellipsoidal or spherical polar granules were present. Sporocysts were ellipsoidal, 10.8 (9-12) x 6.2 (5-8) with a shape index 1.7 (1.5-1.9). Sporocyst wall was single-layered, thin, smooth and colourless, with small Sticda body at the pointed end. In freshly sporulated oocysts, spherical sporocyst residuum was composed of small granules enclosed by a thin membrane. Sporozoites were elongate, lying length-wise in the long axis of the sporocyst, partially curled around each other, with single large refractile body located posteriorly. Faintly distinguishable nucleus was in the central part of the sporozoite. This eimerian represents the first coccidian species described from subterranean African silvery mole-rat (Rodentia: Bathyergidae).
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
8. Eimeria nycteae sp. n. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae), a new parasite species from the snowy owl, Nyctea scandiaca
- Creator:
- Wolf, Jiří, Koudela, Břetislav, and Modrý, David
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- Apicomplexa, Eimeriidae, Eimeria nycteae sp. n., Aves, Strigifonnes, and Nyctea scandiaca
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Coprological examinations of three snowy owls, Nyctea scandiaca (L.) revealed the presence of a coecidium of the genus Eimeria that apparently represents a previously undescribcd species. Oocysts of Eimeria nycteae sp. n. were spherical to subspherical, 23.6 (23-25) x 22.2 (22-23) pm with a shape index 1.1 (1.0-1.1). The oocyst wall was bilayered, smooth - 0.75 pin thick. A polar granule was absent. Sporocysts were ellipsoidal, 18.5 (18-19) x 9.8 (9-10) pm with a shape index 1.9 (1.8-2.1) with Stieda and substieda bodies. A sporocyst residuum was present as small granules scattered among sporozoitcs. The sequence of the sporulation process of this new species is given and illustrated with photomicrographs. Owls examined did not exhibit any signs of alteration of their health status.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
9. Extraintestinal stages of coccidia in liver of Schneider’s skink Eumeces schneideri (Sauria: Scincidae) from Northern Egypt
- Creator:
- Koudela, Břetislav and Modrý, David
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- extraintestinal tissue cysts, liver, sporozoite, crystalloid body, Isospora, and Reptilia
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- An extrainlestinal coccidian parasite was identified in Schneider’s skinks Eumeces schneideri Daudin, 1802. Numerous tissue cysts were found in melanomacrophage aggregations in the liver of six of ten examined skinks. No tissue cysts were found in other tissues. Tissue cysts were 22-26 x 9-13 pm and contained a single sporozoite. Sporozoitcs were 10-13 x 2-4 pm, and contained a single nucleus, homogeneous inclusion and PAS positive granules, and were surrounded by PAS negative, 1.5-3.0 pm thick cyst wall. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the tissue cyst wall was composed of granular material and the sporozoites contained crystalloid body with regular arrangements of units. Appearance of tissue cyst and structure of crystalloid body indicate that Schneider's skinks represent a paratenic host for non-determined Isospora species.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
10. Intestinal microsporidiosis in African skink Mabuya perrotetii
- Creator:
- Koudela, Břetislav, Didier, Elisabeth S., Rodgers, Linda B., and Modrý, David
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- microsporidia, Reptilia, Encephalitozoon, electron microscopy, PCR-RFLP, and heteroduplex mobility
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Intestinal microsporidiosis was documented by detecting abundant slightly curved spores (2.9 x 1.2 pm) in the faeces of five of twelve skinks Mabuya perrotetii Duméril et Bibron, 1839 that originated from Ghana. Clinically, the microsporidiosis was characterized by decreased appetite, diarrhea, and weight loss. Histopathological changes consisted of villous atrophy, blunting of mucosa and flattening of individual epithelial cells in the large intestine. The ultrastructure of microsporidian spores was consistent with an Encephalitozoon species. The PCR-RFLP assay and the heleroduplex mobility shift analyses were used to verify that the skink microsporidian is a species of the genus Encephalitozoon Levaditi, Nicolau et Schoen, 1923 and indicate that this microsporidian is not E. hellem, E. intestinalis or a strain of E. cuniculi. The microsporidia in African skink represent an Encephalitozoon species morphologically identical to Encephalitozoon lacerine Canning, 1981.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public