Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Berbukskaya) seedlings were pre-treated with choline compounds, 19 mM 2-ethyltrimethylammonium chloride (Ch) or 1.6 mM 2-chloroethyltrimethylammonium chloride (CCh), during 24 h, then after 6 d the excised primary leaves were exposed to UV-B and high temperature stress. Chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence, delayed light emission, accumulation of photosynthetic pigments, contents of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and activities of the active oxygen detoxifying enzymes (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase) were examined. Pre-treatment of plants with Ch or CCh enhanced the resistance of photosystem 2 (PS2) photochemistry to UV-B and heat injuries. The higher stress resistance can be explained by the increased activity of the detoxifying enzymes. The increased content of UV-B-absorbing pigments may also contribute to the enhanced resistance of choline-treated plants to UV-B radiation. and V. D. Kreslavski ... [et al.].
The effects of UV-B radiation (1 W m-2, 1 and 2 h) on PSII activity, chloroplast structure, and H2O2 contents in leaves of 26-d-old Arabidopsis thaliana phyA phyB double mutant (DMut) compared with the wild type (WT) were investigated. UV-B decreased PSII activity and affected the H2O2 content in WT and DMut plants grown under white light (WL). The chloroplast structure changes in DMut plants exposed to UV were more significant than that in WT. Reductions in maximal and real quantum photochemical yields and increase in the value of thermal dissipation of absorbed light energy per PSII RC and the amount of QB-nonreducing centers of PSII were bigger in mutant compared to WT plants grown both under WL and red light. Such difference in action of UV-B on WT and DMut can be explained by higher content of UV-absorbing pigments and carotenoids in WT leaves compared with DMut., V. D. Kreslavski, A. N. Shmarev, V. Yu. Lyubimov, G. A. Semenova, S. K. Zharmukhamedov, G. N. Shirshikova, A. Yu. Khudyakova, S. I. Allakhverdiev., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
The effect of UV-A radiation (365 nm) and the protective effect of preillumination with red light (RL, 664 nm, 10 min) or with a combination of red and far-red light (FRL, 727 nm, 10 min) on the activity of the PSII as well as the expression levels of selected genes, especially those encoding chloroplast proteins (sAPX, tAPX, CAB1, and D1), were studied in leaves of the 26-d-old hy3 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, which is deficient in the phytochrome B apoprotein. The effects were compared with corresponding effects observed in the hy2 mutant of A. thaliana, which is deficient in the phytochrome chromophore. Illumination with UV-A decreased the photosynthetic pigment content, the maximum photochemical quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm), and the effective quantum yield of PSII (ΦPSII). The reduction of the Fv/Fm ratio and ΦPSII was more pronounced in the mutants as compared to wild-type plants (WT). The preillumination of the leaves with RL caused a significant reduction in the inhibitory effect of UV-radiation on the PSII activity in the WT plants, but it caused only a small decrease in the hy3 mutant. The preillumination of leaves with RL and FRL combination compensated the protective effect of RL on the UV-induced decrease of the fluorescence parameters in the WT. Such reversibility is typical for involvement of red/far-red reversible phytochromes at low intensity light. The results suggest an important role of red/far-red reversible phytochromes (phytochrome B) in the resistance of PSII to UV-A radiation caused by changes in contents of either carotenoids or other UV-absorbing pigments probably through biosynthesis of these pigments. The data also demonstrated that phytochrome B and other phytochromes can affect the PSII stress resistance by the fast regulation of the expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes and transcription factors at the step of gene transcription., V. D. Kreslavski, F.-J. Schmitt, C. Keuer, T. Friedrich, G. N. Shirshikova, S. K. Zharmukhamedov, A. A. Kosobryukhov, S. I. Allakhverdiev., and Seznam literatury