During the sixteenth century when Islam was already established in China, Chinese Muslims began to critically examine their understanding of Islamic knowledge and how to transmit it to future generations. Traditional tutelage based on purely Arabic and Persian sources generally evaded a Muslim population that, for the most part, could no longer read the available rare Islamic texts. The subsequent reconstruction of Islamic knowledge and education emphasized the intersections between the Chinese and the Muslim communities’ cultural and religious heritages. The new specialized educational system, “scripture hall education” (jingtang jiaoyu), utilized Chinese as the language of instruction and incorporated aspects of traditional Chinese literati education in collaboration with newly retrieved Islamic sources from the Muslim heartland. This is most clearly displayed through the Han Kitab, the canonized corpus of Chinese Islamic texts (c. 1630–1750). This literature articulated Islamic principles through the lexicon of literary Chinese and replicated the ideology highlighted by the educational network, employing obvious Neo-Confucian terms and themes to explain Islam.