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2. Demography of adults of the Marsh fritillary butterfly, Euphydryas aurinia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in the Czech Republic: Patterns across sites and seasons
- Creator:
- Kamil Zimmermann, Blažková, Pavla, Čížek, Oldřich, Frič, Zdeněk, Hůla, Vladimír, Kepka, Pavel, Novotný, David, Slámová, Irena, and Martin Konvička
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, entomologie, Česko, Czechia, Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Euphydryas aurinia, Marsh fritillary, butterfly conservation, demography, density dependence, grasslands, local dynamics, metapopulation, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The Marsh fritillary (Euphydryas aurinia) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) has declined across Europe, including the Czech Republic. Current conservation strategies rely on prevention of habitat loss and degradation, and increase in habitat quality and connectivity via promoting traditional grassland management. The population structure and adult demography parameters of a single population was investigated for eight years (single system), and of all the known Czech populations (multiple populations) for a single year, using mark-recapture. There was substantial variation in the patterns of adult demography, both among years in the single system and among the multiple populations in a single year. In the single system, the date of the first flight of an adult varied by 18 days over the 8 years and total annual numbers varied with a coefficient of variation of 0.40 (females fluctuating more than males). The average density was ca 80 adults/ha. The population size displayed density-dependence, i.e. decreased following years with high adult numbers, with an equilibrium density of 90 individuals/ha. The average density of the multiple populations was ca 120 individuals/ha. The estimated total population for the Czech Republic was 25,000 individuals (17,000 males / 8,000 females) in 2007, which does not indicate an imminent threat of extinction. The regional persistence of E. aurinia is likely to depend on re-colonisation of temporarily vacant sites by dispersing individuals, facilitated by local shifts in adult flight phenology to that better adapted to local conditions. and Kamil Zimmermann, Pavla Blazkova, Oldrich Cizek, Zdenek Fric, Vladimir Hula, Pavel Kepka, David Novotny, Irena Slamova, Martin Konvicka.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3. How to increase the value of urban areas for butterfly conservation? A lesson from Prague nature reserves and parks
- Creator:
- Martin Konvička and Kadlec, Tomáš
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, entomologie, Praha (Česko), Prague (Czechia), insect conservation, habitat fragments, Lepidoptera, reserves, urbanisation, Zygaenidae, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- a1_Cities contain only a low representation of natural and semi-natural habitats, existing in fragments surrounded by built-up areas. In 2003-2004, we surveyed butterflies and Zygaenidae moths in 21 reserves and 4 parks within the city of Prague, Czech Republic, situated from the periphery to city centre. A total of 85 species (47% of the Czech fauna of the study groups) was detected, 22 of them being of conservation concern. Ordination analyses of the local assemblages revealed that the richest sites were large, situated far from the city centre, on alkaline bedrocks, south- to southwest oriented, and hosting high numbers of vegetation types and vascular plant species. We then used generalised linear models to fit responses of individual species to the main ordination gradient, corresponding to increasing urbanisation. Out of 60 species that met criteria for the modelling, none responded positively to urbanisation. Twenty displayed negative linear response; these urban avoiders contained a surplus of mesophilous species presumably preferring rural landscapes. Further 29 species (suburban adaptable) responded in domed manners, peaking at the city periphery. Prevailing among them were xerophilous specialists inhabiting large grassland reserves at the Prague outskirts. Finally, eleven urban tolerant species did not respond to urbanisation at all, containing three highly mobile species, three xerothermophilous specialists, and five species utilising shrubs or trees and finding suitable conditions even in urban parks. Suburban adaptable butterflies apparently benefit from such suburban environments as gardens, road or railway verges, collectively increasing the connectivity of remnants of seminatural habitats. The fact that arboreal species persist even in urban parks, whereas common grassland species are absent there, implies that the quality of urban habitats might be increased by a more sensitive management of, a2_urban green spaces, such as leaving aside small temporary fallows or adapting lawns mowing schemes., and Martin Konvicka, Tomas Kadlec.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public