Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been known for many years to be associated with poor cardiovascular prognosis. Due to the sensitive neuropathy, the coronary artery disease in diabetic patients is frequently asymptomatic. Also twelve leads resting ECG can be within normal limits even in an advanced stage of coronary artery disease. Therefore in addition to the standard ECG other electrocardiographic procedures started to be studied in order to find some typical signs of myocardial damages caused by DM. Repeatedly reported results showed in DM patients without cardiovascular complications the tachycardia, shortening of the QRS and QT intervals, increase of the dispersion of QT interval, decreased amplitudes of depolarization waves, shortened activation time of ventricular myocardium and a flattening of T waves confirmed by the lower value of maximum and minimum in repolarization body surface isopotential maps. Most of these changes are even more pronounced in patients with cardiac autonomic neuropathy. Comparison with similar ECG changes in other diseases suggests that the electrocardiographic changes in DM patients are not specific and that they are particularly caused by an increased tone of the sympathetic nervous system what was indirectly confirmed by the heart rate variability findings in these patients., O. Kittnar., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The aims were to explore the effect of head-up tilt (HUT) to 30 and 60 degrees on hemodynamics and tissue oxygenation in anesthetized healthy swine. The data serve as a reference for a study of resuscitation efficacy at HUT such as during transport. Nine healthy swine (49±4 kg) were anesthetized and multiple sensors including myocardial pressure-volume loops catheter, carotid flow probe, blood pressure catheters, near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) tissue oximetry and mixed venous oximetry (SVO2) catheter were introduced and parameters continuously recorded. Experimental protocol consisted of baseline in supine position (15 min), 30 degrees HUT (15 min), recovery at supine position (15 min) and 60 degrees HUT (5 min). Vacuum mattress was used for body fixation during tilts. We found that 30 and 60 degrees inclination led to significant immediate reduction in hemodynamic and oximetry parameters. Mean arterial pressure (mm Hg) decreased from 98 at baseline to 53 and 39, respectively. Carotid blood flow dropped to 47 % and 22 % of baseline values, end diastolic volume to 49 % and 53 % and stroke volume to 47 % and 45 % of baseline. SVO2 and tissue oximetry decreased by 17 and 21 percentage points. The values are means. In conclusions, within minutes, both 30 and 60 degrees head-up tilting is poorly tolerated in anesthetized swine. Significant differences among individual animals exist., M. Mlcek, J. Belohlavek, M. Huptych, T. Boucek, T. Belza, S. Lacko, P. Krupickova, M. Hrachovina, M. Popkova, P. Neuzil, O. Kittnar., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The growth in the experimental research of facilities to support extracorporeal circulation requires the further development of models of acute heart failure that can be well controlled and reproduced. Two types of acute heart failure were examined in domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domestica ): a hypoxic model (n=5) with continuous perfusion of the left coronary artery by hypoxic deoxygenated blood and ischemic model (n=9) with proximal closure of the left coronary artery and controlled hypoperfusion behind the closure. The aim was a severe, stable heart pump failure defined by hemodynamic parameters changes: a) decrease in cardiac output by at least 50 %; b) decrease in mixed venous blood saturation to under 60 %; c) left ventricular ejection fraction below 25 %; and d) decrease in flow via the carotid arteries at least 50 %. Acute heart failure developed in the first group in one animal with no acute mortality and in the second group in 8 animals with no acute mortality. In the case of ischemic model the cardiac output fell from 6.70±0.89 l/min to 2.89±0.75 l/min. The saturation of the mixed venous blood decreased from 83±2 % to 58±8 %. The left ventricular ejection fraction decreased from 50±8 % to 19±2 %. The flow via the carotid arteries decreased from 337±78 ml/min to 136±59 ml/min (P≤0.001 for all comparisons). The proposed ischemic model is not burdened with acute mortality in the development of heart failure and is suitable for further use in experimental research into extracorporeal circulatory support., S. Lacko, M. Mlček, P. Hála, M. Popková, D. Janák, M. Hrachovina, J. Kudlička, V. Hrachovina, P. Ošťádal, O. Kittnar., and Obsahuje bibliografii
a1_Diabetes mellitus is not just a simple metabolic disorder, however, it is considered to be a cardiovascular disease of a metabolic origin. This is apparent especially when speaking about type 2 diabetes (DM II). The objective of our study was to determine whether a comprehensive spa treatment (procedures and drinking cure) may affect the level of the sympathetic tone of patients suffering from DM II. As an indicator of the sympathetic tone, selected electrocardiographic parameters derived from the heart rate variability and microwave alternans were chosen. There were 96 patients enrolled in our study: 38 patients with poorly controlled DM II and two control groups: 9 patients with compensated DM II and 49 patients, average age without diabetes or other disorders of the glucose metabolism. All received an identical spa treatment and continued their medical therapy. The electrophysiological examination of patients was performed before and after a three-week spa treatment using the KARDiVAR system. Parameters derived from the analysis of heart rate variability (HRV), microvolt T-wave alternans, and microvolt R-wave alternans were analyzed in order to evaluate the tones of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The control group showed a slight increase of parameter the index of activity of regulatory systems (IRSA) (4.4±1.3 vs. 3.8±1.4; p=0.006) after the spa treatment, while increased heart rate (80.9±11.0 vs. 74.6±9.6; p=0.028), reduced index of centralization (IC) (1.3±0.6 vs. 2.9±1.4; p=0.027) and reduced index of myocardium (IM) (9.9±7.4 vs. 18.0±6.3; p=0.041) were found in patients with a compensated DM II. Patients with a poorly compensated DM II showed a decreased IM (10.9±8.6 vs. 16.9±5.2; p=0.001) and also a reduced IRSA (4.1±3.5 vs. 6.3±1.9; p=0.001)., a2_The results proved favorable changes in ANS cardiovascular control of patients with DM II after a spa treatment, especially in terms of reducing the sympathoadrenal system activity (decreased IRSA), improving electrical stability of the myocardium and increasing centrally controlled heart rate variability without overloading the cardiovascular system (drop of IM)., E. Fialová, O. Kittnar., and Obsahuje bibliografii