The third and final season of excavation on Pod Hradem Cave (Moravian Karst) reached bedrock at a maximum depth of 3.5 metres, although the bedrock in this part of the cave represents a very steeply sloping wall rather than the cave floor. Radiocarbon dates indicate that the basal layers in this part of the cave were deposited during the late Middle Palaeolithic period. The finding of amber and shell in layer 11 represents a curious discovery, but there is a possibility that these objects represent an intrusion from a different archaeological context., Ladislav Nejman, Lukáš Kučera, Petr Škrdla, Lenka Lisá, Šárka Hladilová, Miroslav Králík, Rachel Wood, Miriam Nývltová Fišáková, Duncan Wright, Marjorie E. Sullivan, Philip Hughes., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Linear Band Pottery (LBK), Stroked Pottery (SPC), Moravian Painted Ware (MPWC) cultures developed in Moravia during the Neolithic period. Based on the currently available radiocarbon dates, this period lasted for 1800 years. The LBK lasted for 550 years and the MPWC for 1150 years. There is a 100 year hiatus between these cultures, when Moravia was inhabited by people practicing the SPC. With increasing knowledge and more radiocarbon dates, it has become apparent that the current ideas about the development of the Neolithic need revision due to discrepancies between the traditional scheme and new empirical data. Chronology building on the basis of the 14C method is currently the most accurate dating technique for this period., Martin Kuča, Josef Jan Kovář, Miriam Nývltová Fišáková, Petr Škrdla, Lubomír Prokeš, Miroslav Vaškových, Zdeněk Schenk., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Large-scale excavations of complete Gravettian living-floors at Dolní Věstonice I were primarily realised between 1924-1952 whereas later fieldwork had rather a character of separate trenches. Here we report the results of last excavation organized at this site in 1990 and 1993. A series of trenches along the western and southern boundary brought additional chronostratigraphic and archaeological evidence concerning the overall situation of the site. In the lower part of the site we detected superimposed charcoal deposits dated by C14 to Early Gravettian but without artefactual context. In the uppermost part we identified the previously excavated units K2 and K3 and we show that these were discrete instalations dated to the Evolved Gravettian (Pavlovian). With the newly acquired data, this paper addresses the questions of general stratigraphy and local microstratigraphies, radiometric chronology, center-periphery relationships (on levels of the whole site and of the individual residential units), and structure of relevant faunal and lithic assemblages., Jiří Svoboda, Martin Novák, Sandra Sázelová, Šárka Hladilová, Petr Škrdla., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The site of Mohelno-Plevovce is situated below the water line of the Mohelno water reservoir (lower part of the Dalešice pumped-storage hydroelectric power plant). The site was repeatedly occupied during the Late Upper Paleolithic. We discovered three areas with in-situ artifacts within intact sediments. While two assemblages excavated so far in Artifact Cluster 3 are characterized by microlithic tools made on carenoidal blanks and utilization of local rocks, both assemblages in Artifact Clusters 1 and 2 differ significantly from Artifact Cluster 3 and represent different techno-complexes. Artifact Clusters 1 and 2 are characterized by prevailing erratic flint supplemented by several artifacts made on radiolarite and obsidian. Technology is characterized by long, narrow and straight blades and bladelets removed from bidirectional cores. The collection of tools is characterized by prevailing backed microblades, in several cases with a straight truncation. In one case the truncations form a rectangle. This techno-complex continuing the Gravettian technological tradition is similar to material from Brno-Štýřice that is currently dated to the large time span covering two millennia between 17 100 and 19 100 calBP., Petr Škrdla, Jaroslav Bartík, Jan Eigner, Tereza Rychtaříková., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Mohelno-Plevovce was repeatedly occupied during the Late Upper Paleolithic. Two paved stone structures constructed from local stones have been excavated thus far. These structures are characterized by a high density of lithic artifacts within the paved area and a rapidly decreasing density away from the paved area - this is interpreted as a result of the "barrier-effect" of the covered area. The lithic tools are characterized by abundant splintered pieces, steeply retouched end scrapers, and tiny microlithic tools produced on carenoidal blanks. Utilized raw material types indicate good knowledge of local rocks including rock crystal and weathering products of serpentinite, as well as broad raw material networks including erratic flint imported from northern Moravia and Szentgál radiolarite imported from Balaton Lake area., Petr Škrdla, Jaroslav Bartík, Jan Eigner, Tereza Rychtaříková, Pavel Nikolajev, Miriam Nývltová Fišáková, Ladislav nejman, Michaela Polanská, Jan Novák., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Ořechov IV is a recently investigated Bohunician site located in southern Moravia, but outside the Brno Basin where most of the other known Bohunician sites are located. It appears to belong to the pure Bohunician industry with no bifacial technology detected. It was probably discovered in the 1930s and due to later errors in reporting its exact location, it was ‘saved’ from prospecting by amateur archaeologists for several decades. We have re-located this site in 2010 and have conducted numerous pedestrian surveys and subsurface testing. We have collected a total of 3214 artifacts (most of them recorded by GPS) and a small amount of ochre. Two-thirds of the artifacts were manufactured on Stránská Skála chert. The second most common raw material used was Krumlovský Les chert followed by very small numbers of other raw materials including erratic flint, a long-distance import. Up to 20 % of the artifacts were damaged by frost action and agricultural activities. Numerous Levallois points and evidence for bidirectional flaking support the Bohunician classification. Test pitting has confirmed the presence of undisturbed sediments with cultural material including 4 structured hearths. Results of radiocarbon dating of some of these hearths are consistent with Bohunician antiquity. Only one lithic artifact in association with a hearth was found insitu. It is likely that future subsurface testing will yield more artifacts., Petr Škrdla, Tereza Rychtaříková, Ladislav Nejman, Jaroslav Bartík, Alena Hrušková, Jan Krása., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Ivan Čižmář, Petr Kos, Michal Přichystal, Antonín Přichystal, Aleš Romanovský, Lubomír Šebela, Martin Kuča, Jaroslav Bartík, Petr Škrdla, Marek Lečbych, Arkadiusz Tajer, Blanka Mikulková, Svatopluk Bříza, Rudolf Feilhauer, Adam Fojtík, Miroslav Popelka, Marek Kalábek, Lukáš Šín, Lukáš Hlubek, Zdeněk Hájek, Alžběta Čerevková, Zdeněk Tvrdý, Jakub Vrána, Daniel Fryč, Richard Bíško, Jiří Kala, Dana Vitulová, Josef Unger, Dalibor Všianský. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Michal Přichystal, Jiří Svoboda, Lukáš Hlubek, Zdeněk Schenk, Kateřina Dlouhá, Petr Kubín, František Trampota, Jitka Kučová, Martin Kuča, Tereza Rychtaříková, Petr Škrdla, Jaroslav Bartík, Martin Novák, Sandra Sázelová, Soňa Boriová, Lubomír Dokoupil. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Metabasic rocks of the Želešice type were one of the most intensively utilized raw materials used for the manufacture of Neolithic polished industry in the Middle Danube region. Primary sources are located in the Ophiolite Belt (formerly Metabasite Zone) of the Brno Batholith, approximately 5 km SW of Brno. All sites represent secondary workshops that are not located at the outcrops. Quarrying at the outcrops has not been directly confirmed for this period. The focus of this work is a complex description of a unique primary workshop recently discovered nearby primary outcrops. Recently obtained data has revealed new information about the lithic operational stages, morphology, dimensions and procurement of the raw material. Petrographic analysis reveals several subvarieties of metabasic rocks which were utilized to different degrees. Another goal of this work is to add to the debate regarding terminology of workshop sites., Jaroslav Bartík, Lukáš Krmíček, Tereza Rychtaříková, Petr Škrdla., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The territory of Moravia is well known for its high density of Early Upper Paleolithic sites. However, the majority of sites are surface sites lacking chrono-stratigraphic data. To further our understanding of the technological development, and replacement of Neanderthals by Anatomically Modern Humans between 50-40 kya, necessitates the discovery of new stratified sites. We implemented a project aimed at discovering new EUP sites with intact sediments. Central part the Bobrava Highland is an important EUP microregion and is located on the southwestern margin of the Brno Basin. We relocated almost all previously published sites in the area and conducted surface surveys in an attempt to discover additional surface sites. At each site we recorded the artifact clusters in absolute coordinates, and searched for potential artifacts in the intact sediments, often along the edges of surface artifact clusters. We have located intact sediments at four sites previously recorded as surface sites. We found in situ artifacts at two of the sites. The developed and successfully tested survey strategy may have potential application for surveys in other microregions., Petr Škrdla ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury