High -energy intake which exceeds energy expenditure leads to the accumulation of triglycerides in adipose tissue, predominantly in large -size adipocytes. This metabolic shift, which drives the liver to produce atherogenic dyslipidemia, is well documented. In addition, an increasing amount of monocytes/macrophages, predominantly the proinflammatory M1- type, cumulates in ectopic adipose tissue. The mechanism of this process, the turnover of macrophages in adipose tissue and their direct atherogenic effects all remain to be analyzed., R. Poledne, I. Králová Lesná, S. Čejková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Atherosclerosis is a degenerative inflammatory disease of the vascular wall, which is characterized by the formation of atherosclerotic plaques that contain lipids, activated smooth muscle cells, immune cells, foam cells, a necrotic core and calcified sites. In atherosclerosis pathology, monocytes and macrophages play the most important role by accumulating redundant LDL particles in their oxidized form and producing proinflammatory cytokines. Atherosclerotic plaque macrophages reveal distinct phenotypes that are distinguished into M1 (proinflammatory) and M2 (anti-inflammatory) macrophages. Numerous environmental signals (cytokines, microbial cell molecules) that are received by macrophages drive their polarization, but it must be determined whether this classification reflects different macrophage subtypes or plasticity and phenotypic tissue changes, but the balance between subsets is crucial. M1 macrophages are dominant in symptomatic atherosclerotic plaques, while M2 macrophages are more frequent in asymptomatic plaques. Nevertheless, a positive correlation of both M1 and M2 macrophages with atherosclerotic lesion severity was also observed., A. Králová, I. Králová lesná, R. Poledne., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Atherosclerosis pathology is the interplay between high intrav ascular LDL particle concentration and monocyte/ macrophage presence within the sub -endothelial space of the artery. In this project, phenotypes of macrophages connected with subclinical inflammation in adipose tissue of living kidney donors were studied. Samples of subcutaneous adipose tissue of living kidney donors (n=36) were exposed to collagenase. Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) was eluted from the samples, then labeled with monoclonal antibodies (anti- CD14 and anti -calprotectin), conjugated with fluo rochromes and analy zed by flow cytometry. The positive correlation between the number of total macrophages and calprotectin- positive macrophages with BMI in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of postmenopausal women was demonstrated (p<0.05; R=0.43 and p<0.01 ; R=0.60), whereas no positive correlation in premenopausal women and men was shown. In conclusion, we documented a significant effect of BMI increase on the presence of total macrophages in adipose tissue of postmenopausal women, in contrast to premenopausal women. This difference was much more pronounced when proinflammatory macrophages with membrane- bound calprotectin were analyzed., A. Králová, I. Králová Lesná, J. Froněk, S. Čejková, A. Sekerková, L. Janoušek, F. Thieme, I. Stříž, J. Ždychová, R. Poledne., and Obsahuje bibliografii
a1_Renal transplantation is associated with a large number of risk factors that can have an influe nce on early renal graft function (ERGF). One of these factors could be the increasing number of obese kidney donors. The mechanisms of reduced ERGF in obese kidney donors are still poorly understood. To that end, w e compared ERGF in recipients with body mass index (BMI), perivascular fat and plasma inflammation markers of live kidney donors. We hypothesi zed that the BMI of donors would negatively correlate with an average increase of glomerular filtration rate (GFR ) and that it would also be associated wi th increased perivascular and plasma inflammation markers in the first seven days after transplantation. Between January 2013 and December 2014, some 58 living kidney transplantation pairs were included in the study. Donor and recipient demographic data, preoperative BMI, blood C -reactive protein (CRP) and adiponectin levels, perivascular adipose tissue (PAT) samples and recipient blood creatinine levels were analy zed. The median CRP of donors was 0.68 mg/l (max: 8.66 mg/l, min: 0.33 mg/l), the median of M1 macrophages (CD14+CD16+) in one gram of PAT was 5940 (max: 41 100, min: 248) and the median of adiponectin was 411 930 pg/ml (max: 14 217 000, min: 167 300) in plasma. We did not find any association between early renal graft function and the percentage o f M1 macrophages in donor perirenal adipose tissue (p=0.83, r=0.03, n=58), adiponectin (p=0.65, r=0.06, n=58) or CRP (p=0.16, r=0.2, n=58) in plasma. The obesity level of donors, expressed as BMI, did not correlate with early renal graft function in the first seven days after transplantation. The associations between ERGF and plasma and perivascular fat inflammation markers were not significant., a2_We confirmed a negative correlation between the BMI of recipients and an average increase of GFR in the first sev en days after transplantation (p<0.02, r= -0.325, N=58). We confirmed a negative correlation of adiponectin plasma concentration to the BMI of donors., F. Thieme, L. Janousek, J. Fronek, A. Kralova, S. Cejkova, I. Kralova Lesna, R. Poledne., and Obsahuje bibliografii