The article deals with the Jewish Ashkenazi community of Shanghai, which developed in the first half of the 20th century. The community was formed by two main groups: Russian Jews escaping Antisemitism on their country, and Second World War refugees coming from different parts of Europe. During the time of the Shoa Shanghai hosted estimated 25 000 refugees and thus became an important part of the World Jewish Diaspora. The presented paper maps the historical developoment of both the groups, their origin as well as their fall, their religious and cultural life. It pays attention to their links to the first Shanghai Jewish community, the Baghdadis, and to the World Zionist Movement, and also to their relationship with the surrounding Chinese environment. Of particular interests is the life of the ghetto, created under the Japanese control., Anna Sehnalová., and Obsahuje poznámky a seznam literatury