Described are the principles of calculation, the methodology and the results of laboratory tests of grazing incidence mirrors used in solar X-ray telescopes installed in rockets "Vertikal 8" (1979), "Vertikal 9" (1981) and "Vertikal 11" (1983) launched as part of the
Intercosmos programme. The X-ray grazing incidence mirrors were developed in the Astronomical Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences using galvanoplastic replica technology and tested in the Lebedev Institute of Physics of the USSR Academy of Sciences according to a chart design with one of the investigated mirrors acting as a collimator. The advantages and drawbacks
of this test method of X-ray mirrors are analysed.
A calculation of pararmeters, method of manufacturing procedure and results of testing are described for the Wolter 1 X-ray mirror system. It consists of 2 nested pairs of mirrors: the outer pair has input diameter 24 cm and nickel coating, the inner pair - 13 cm and gold coating. The focal distance is 41,9 cm, the length of each paraboloid and hyperboloid - 24 cm. Geometrical parameters of the mirrors were chosen to obtain maximum effective area under the limits for overall dimensions.The mirrors were manufactured in the Astronomical Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences
jointly with some other Czechoslovak institutes. The mirrors were made as galvanic replicas with metallic reflecting surface and plastic base. The system was intended for use in the X-ray telescope RT-4M, developed in the P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R.