The evolution of soil cover in the area of Litovel has been determined on the basis of grain-size distribution, mineralogy of clay fraction, chemical and micromorphological analyses. The object of the present study was a chronosequence of soils in Pleistocene sediments. Paleopedological data indicate that the area underwent environmental changes including several cycles of pedogenesis. This area provides evidence of at least two first-order warm periods. The highest degree of polygenesis can be demonstrated by Braunlehm-like Parabraunerde (PK V - Late Holstein Interglacial) and Chernozem which evolved from Haplic Luvisols (PK IV - warm period within the Riss glacial). The upper part of the profile documents different types of pedosediments which indicate erosion processes., Anna Žigová and Martin Šťastný., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Zatiaľ' čo jadrové skúšky spôsobili globálnu rádioaktívnu kontamináciu, Černobyľská havária (1986) mala dopad predovšetkým na európske krajiny a Fukušimská havária (2011) predovšetkým na Japonsko, aj keď uvoľnené rádionuklidy bolo možné sledovať v malých koncentráciách na všetkých kontinentoch ako aj vo svetových oceánoch a moriach. Havária Fukušimskej jadrovej elektrárne spôsobila v porovnaní s Černobyľskou haváriou (1986) približne 10-násobne nižší únik 131I a päťnásobne nižší únik 137Cs do životného prostredia. Radiačné dávky obyvateľstva nepresiahli v Japonsku 25 mSv/rok a v Európe boli rádovo 1 µSv/rok., Historical atmospheric tests of nuclear weapons have had a global impact on the radioactive contamination of the environment. Recent accidents at Chernobyl (1986) and Fukushima (2011) have had an impact on Europe and Japan, respectively, in addition small concentrations of radionuclides released from Fukushima have been registered on all continents as well as in oceans and seas. When compared with the Chernobyl accident, the Fukushima accident resulted in about a 10 fold increase in the release of 131I but a 3 fold decrease in the release of 137Cs to the environment. Following the Fukushima accident radiation doses did not exceed 25 mSv/year in Japan, whilst following the Chernobyl accident they were in the order of 1 µSv/year in Europe., Pavel P. Povinec., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Environmentální rastrovací elektronová mikroskopie představuje jeden z posledních vývojových trendů mikroskopických metod. Umožňuje zkoumání vzorků živé či neživé přírody v podmínkách vysokého tlaku plynů - až 3000 Pa oproti tlaku pod 0.001 Pa v klasickém rastrovacím elektronovém mikroskopu., Vilém Neděla, Rudolf Autrata., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Article is focused on environmental scanning electron microscopy as a universal method for investigation of insulating and water containing samples. Advantages of this microscopy method are demonstrated by experiments that study biological tissues of fossil insects embedded in amber or analyze morphological structure of root canal walls prepared by laser. and Článek se zabývá environmentální rastrovací elektronovou mikroskopií jako univerzální metodou pro zkoumání izolačních vzorků a vzorků obsahujících vodu. Výhody této mikroskopické metody jsou presentovány na základě experimentů zabývajících se studiem zbytků biologických tkání fosilního hmyzu v jantaru a studiem povrchu stěny kořenových kanálků zubů po preparaci pevnolátkovým laserem.
The dental pulp represents an easily acces-sible source of adult dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). The preferred approach to DPSC isolation is enzymatic digestion. However, the duration of the enzymatic activity is crucial. The purpose of this study was to isolate the DPSC populations using this method, characterize their biological properties and proliferation capacity, and to determine their ability to differentiate into mature cells. Before enzymatic
digestion using 0.05% trypsin, we used the homogenization method in order to obtain a fine homogenate from the solid pulp tissue. The stem cells were cultivated in modified cultivation medium for mesenchymal adult progenitor cells containing 2% foetal bovine serum, growth factors and insulin-transferrin-
selenium supplement. We were successfully able to isolate 10 populations of DPSCs. The vitality of DPSCs did not drop below
90 %. However, the DPSCs showed a significant decrease in the relative telomere length number with increasing passaging (P < 0.05). Isolated DPSCs highly expressed the CD markers: CD29, CD44, CD90, CD13, CD73 and CD166. In contrast, CD markers CD31, CD106, CD34 and CD45 were negative or low positive. We confirmed the high osteogenic and chondrogenic potential of the isolated stem cells. Isolated DPSCs did not show signs of cell degeneration or spontaneous differentiation during the entire cultivation. In addition, we were able to shorten the enzyme activity duration, and we were the first to demonstrate trypsin as the enzyme used for the enzymatic digestion method with the viability over 90 % of isolated DPSCs using this method. and Corresponding author: Nela Pilbauerová