The article introduces a special themed issue of Theory of Science on epistemologies of spaces and places. It provides a disciplinary context of the theme and reviews some of the key arguments that led to the so-called spatial turn in social sciences and the humanities. Science studies in the broad sense (including social studies of science and technology, history and philosophy of science) have also been affected by this shift of research interest to spatial aspects of science at both micro- and macro-levels. Scientific knowledge has been subject to analyses that stress its local contingencies, mobility and dependencies on spatial arrangements. The ensuing new epistemologies require novel concepts or reconsideration of the older terms, such as universality or objectivity., Tento článek uvozuje zvláštní tematické číslo Teorie vědy věnované epistemologiím prostorů a míst. Článek představuje oborový kontext tématu a poskytuje přehled některých klíčových argumentů, jež vedly k takzvanému prostorovému obratu v sociálních a humanitních vědách. Výzkumy vědy v širokém smyslu (zahrnujícím sociální výzkumy vědy a techniky, dějiny a filosofii vědy) byly také ovlivněny tímto přesunem badatelských zájmů k jejím prostorovým aspektům na mikro i makro úrovni. Vědecké vědění je podrobováno analýzám, které zdůrazňují jeho místní nahodilosti, mobilitu a závislost na prostorových uspořádáních. Následné nové epistemologie vyžadují nové koncepty či přehodnocení starších termínů, jako univerzalita a objektvita., and Radim Hladík.
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are also known as epoxyeicosanoids that have renal and cardiovascular actions. These renal and cardiovascular actions can be regulated by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) that degrades and inactivates EETs. Extensive animal hypertension studies have determined that vascular, epithelial transport, and anti-inflammatory actions of EETs lower blood pressure and decrease renal and cardiovascular disease progression. Human studies have also supported the notion that increasing EET levels in hypertension could be beneficial. Pharmacological and genetic approaches to increase epoxyeicosanoids in several animal models and humans have found improved endothelial vascular function, increased sodium excretion, and decreased inflammation to oppose hypertension and associated renal and cardiovascular complications. These compelling outcomes support the concept that increasing epoxyeicosanoids via sEH inhibitors or EET analogs could be a valuable hypertension treatment.
The Epwortli sleepiness scale (ESS) is a short questionnaire designed to quantify subjective sleepiness.
No correlation was found between the ESS values and the selected paranieters of the PolyMESAM all-night sleep ventilation test (apnoea/hypopnoea index - number of apnoeas and hypopnoeas per hour, oxygen desaturation index - nurnber of saturation drops per hour, heart rate variation index number of heart rate changes per hour, Min Sa02 - mean oxygen saturation minima in percents) in a group of 41 men and 13 women (mean age 48.5+SD=9.2) with the sleep apnoea syndrome (SAS).
The mean ESS valne in patients with straightforward SAS was 11.1 (+6.1) while in the control group of 23 men and 6 women (iniddle age 47.3 +6.8 years) it was 6.5 (+2.2). There is a statistically significant diíference between the two (p<0.01). In the authors’ view, ESS is a useful instrument for testing subjective sleepiness in SAS patients.
We investigate functional equations $f(p(x)) = q(f(x))$ where $p$ and $q$ are given real functions defined on the set ${\Bbb R}$ of all real numbers. For these investigations, we can use methods for constructions of homomorphisms of mono-unary algebras. Our considerations will be confined to functions $p, q$ which are strictly increasing and continuous on ${\Bbb R}$. In this case, there is a simple characterization for the existence of a solution of the above equation. First, we give such a characterization. Further, we present a construction of any solution of this equation if some exists. This construction is demonstrated in detail and discussed by means of an example.
Let $X$ be the quotient group of the $S$-adele ring of an algebraic number field by the discrete group of $S$-integers. Given a probability measure $\mu $ on $X^d$ and an endomorphism $T$ of $X^d$, we consider the relation between uniform distribution of the sequence $T^n\bold {x}$ for $\mu $-almost all $\bold {x}\in X^d$ and the behavior of $\mu $ relative to the translations by some rational subgroups of $X^d$. The main result of this note is an extension of the corresponding result for the $d$-dimensional torus $\mathbb T^d$ due to B. Host.
Any finitely generated regular variety $\mathbb{V}$ of distributive double $p$-algebras is finitely determined, meaning that for some finite cardinal $n(\mathbb{V})$, any subclass $S\subseteq \mathbb{V}$ of algebras with isomorphic endomorphism monoids has fewer than $n(\mathbb{V})$ pairwise non-isomorphic members. This result follows from our structural characterization of those finitely generated almost regular varieties which are finitely determined. We conjecture that any finitely generated, finitely determined variety of distributive double $p$-algebras must be almost regular.
In this paper we define generalized Kählerian spaces of the first kind $(G\underset 1K_N)$ given by (2.1)--(2.3). For them we consider hollomorphically projective mappings with invariant complex structure. Also, we consider equitorsion geodesic mapping between these two spaces ($G\underset 1K_N$ and $G\underset 1{\overline K}_N$) and for them we find invariant geometric objects.
In this article, the equivalence and symmetries of underdetermined differential equations and differential equations with deviations of the first order are considered with respect to the pseudogroup of transformations $\bar x=\varphi (x),$ $\bar y=\bar y(\bar x)=L(x)y(x).$ That means, the transformed unknown function $\bar y$ is obtained by means of the change of the independent variable and subsequent multiplication by a nonvanishing factor. Instead of the common direct calculations, we use some more advanced tools from differential geometry; however, the exposition is self-contained and only the most fundamental properties of differential forms are employed. We refer to analogous achievements in literature. In particular, the generalized higher symmetry problem involving a finite number of invariants of the kind $F^j=a_j y \Pi |z_i|^{k^j_i}=a_j y |z_1|^{k^j_1} \ldots |z_m|^{k^j_m}=a_j(x)y|y(\xi _1)|^{k^j_1}\ldots |y(\xi _m)|^{k^j_m}$ is compared to similar results obtained by means of auxiliary functional equations.