Our comparison of samples from the Záblacký Bible with the first, second and third editions of the Old Czech Bible translation confirms Kyas's classification of the Záblacký Bible as a compilation translation, containing parts with texts from different editions of the Old Czech Bible. Some of its books belong to the first edition of the Old Czech Bible translation, some to the second, or the first and the second edition against the third edition, and some indicate conformity to third edition bibles. Some parts show conformity with the second and simultaneously the third editions against the first edition. In some places the Záblacký Bible even has its own reading, which we have not found in any other bible that we have worked with.
This article presents a critical evaluation of the growing popularity of online social surveys for the exploration of attitudes and behaviours within higher educational institutions. More specifically this article addresses a number of key issues: the construction of representative online samples, and the presentation of the results from an institutional census constructed from an online survey with a low response rate. The improper use of statistical significance tests, and the reporting of systematic errors when quota sampling is employed in surveys is also discussed. This study compares and evaluates four recent academic surveys: (a) the Czech wave of the EUROSTUDENT IV survey fielded by SC&C, (b) A Research Survey on Academic Staff at Czech Colleges and Universities undertaken by SC&C in 2009, (c) surveys of students and (d) employees at Palacky University Olomouc undertaken by the newly established Laboratory of Social Research. This article shows that an improper interpretation of online surveys resulted in a missrepresention of the views of university students and academic staff on the state of Czech higher education and opinions concerning different tertiary education reform measures.
The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the problems associated with the fielding of questions of a socially sensitive nature typically dealing with crime, health, and sexual activity in nationally representative sample surveys. This article presents an overview of previous research on this topic and associated themes such as the definition of sensitive survey questions, the emergence and impact of social desirability effects and application of the Cognitive Aspects of Survey Methodology (CASM) to mechanisms of question response on sensitive topics. Thereafter, this article maps out specific sources of error that are likely to occur when fielding sensitive survey questions; and highlights methods that may used to minimise measurement error, thereby enhancing data validity. The article concludes with an appraisal of some of the most influential criterion-validity used in this sub-field of survey research.
In this article it is argued that one of the main problems in data analysis is an over-emphasis on statistical rather than substantive significance. Statistical significance reports the improbability of specific outcomes from sample data using a null hypothesis. In contrast, substantive significance is concerned with the real-world meaning of data modelling results for a population, regardless of p value, where an effect size estimator is used for evaluation. The argument presented in this article begins with a consideration of how substantive significance may be defined. Thereafter, there is a summary of the literature on substantive significance and its measurement using a variety of effect size estimators, many of which are little known to researchers. This article also examines the topics of economic and clinical significance. In the conclusion, this study discusses attempts to synthesise different concepts of substantive significance and recommends some practical usage of these concepts.
Review of Vladimír Hudec: Zdeněk Fibich. Tematický katalog. Thematisches Verzeichnis. Thematic Catalogue, Editio Bärenreiter Praha, Praha 2001, 850 stran + 17 faksimilovaných příloh.
As the probability to marry is stratified and differs for people with certain characteristics, it can be expected that some marriages are more likely to end in divorce than others. Among others in the literature the divorce risk factors are often mentioned: too low or too high age, marriage, educational level (low or high education) or educational or age heterogamy. This article describes the effects of age and education of both spouses and their combinations (heterogamy or homogamy) on the stability of marriage in the Czech Republic between 1994 and 2007. Analysis (using event history analysis) is based on data from the Czech Statistical Office and examines those individuals who entered into marriage in 1994. Although, the effect of age at marriage itself is found to be weak, the interaction between age at marriage for men and women exhibits more significant effects. The relationship between education and divorce risk takes the form of an inverted U: people with basic education and people with higher education have the lowest risk of divorce. The assumption of greater stability among homogamous couples is not observed; however, the probability of divorce is higher among heterogamous marriages where the woman is older or has higher education than man.
This paper focuses on the issue of surveying older people. Increasing interest in the issue of ageing and old age has been accompanied by infrequent debate on the methodological pitfalls that might influence research into this specific, albeit very heterogeneous population. Interviewers routinely complete post-interview questions that provide important information on such criteria as respondent difficulty in answering the questions posed. This article examines such difficulty in terms of interviewer and respondent characteristics. It investigates three potential explanations of why interviewers judge an interview as difficult: (1) interviewer characteristics (age and gender), (2) socio-demographic characteristics of the respondent and (3) respondents’ sense of well-being. The data used in this study were obtained from four surveys conducted with older people in the Czech Republic between 2007 and 2011. These surveys explored ageing and old age. The findings show the crucial importance of respondents’ sense of well-being and level of education. No interviewer age or gender effects were observed.
This article summarizes previous sociological research on higher education students in the Czech Republic. It identifies the most important surveys carried out in the field and provides detailed information about twenty one higher education studies. Special attention is paid to a number of longitudinal surveys. The information presented in this review article identifies the main topics covered in previous higher education research. This article concludes by making suggestions for further research by highlighting those topics that have been examined in greater detail and those themes that have suffered relatively neglect thus far.
The missal of Načeradec is a modest codex from an artistic point of view. Its decoration is limited to one figural illumination only – a canon depiction of the Crucifixion; besides this, the manuscript contains only filigree initials and clerical capitals. The quality of its figural decoration is comparatively high. Its style is post-classical Gothic; linear pleats of the draperies imply a date in the beginning of the 14th century. Only a few analogies can be found in simultaneous book painting, e.g. in the decoration of the manuscripts of Eliška (Elisabeth) Rejčka, but these analogies are not immediate. Some correspondence, however, can be found in monumental art, more precisely in mural painting.