Novel star polymers based on the water-soluble N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer and cyclodextrin were synthesized and the physico-chemical behavior of these precursors was studied. Semitelechelic HPMA copolymers were grafted onto the cyclodextrin core, thus forming star-like structure. Both prepared systems were designed as possible polymer carriers for the controlled release of cytostatic drugs, which after the drug release and degradation will be eliminated from the organism. Two synthesis approaches were used to obtain similar polymer carriers with different degradation rates. All the polymers were prepared by reversible additionfragmentation chain-transfer polymerization, which guarantees low dispersity of the prepared systems., L. Kotrchová, T. Etrych., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Tissue engineering (TE) and regenerative medicine are progressively developed areas due to many novel tissue replacements and implementation strategies. Increasing knowledge involving the fabrication of biomaterials with advanced physicochemical and biological characteristics, successful isolation and preparation of stem cells, incorporation of growth and differentiation factors, and biomimetic environments gives us a unique opportunity to develop various types of scaffolds for TE. The current strategies for soft tissue reconstitution or regeneration highlight the importance of novel regenerative therapies in cases of significant soft tissue loss and in cases of congenital defects, disease, trauma and ageing. Various types of biomaterials and scaffolds have been tested for soft tissue regeneration. The synthetic types of materials have gained great attention due to high versatility, tunability and easy functionalization for better biocompatibility. This article reviews the current materials that are usually the most used for the fabrication of scaffolds for soft TE; in addition, the types of scaffolds together with examples of their applications for the regenerative purposes of soft tissue, as well as their major physicochemical characteristics regarding the increased applicability of these materials in medicine, are reviewed., O. Janoušková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Je popsána problematika a návrh systému pro prevenci možného vzniku síňo-jícnové fistuly při izolaci plicních žil, která je součástí elektrofyziologické srdeční operace, jejímž cílem je léčba fibrilace srdečních síní. Návrh systému pro měření jícnové teploty je aktivitou Clever Technologies, s.r.o. (spin-off firma Univerzity Karlovy v Praze a ČVUT v Praze), Společného biomedicínského pracoviště ČVUT v Praze a UK v Praze, Fakulty biomedicínského inženýrství ČVUT, 1. lékařské fakulty UK a předních klinických pracovišť. V první části je stručně podán přehled o používaných technikách při operačním zákroku při léčbě fibrilací síní, o jeho průběhu a možných komplikacích. Navazuje popis návrhu systému pro měření teploty v jícnu a charakteristika jeho řešení. and Jiří Brada, Jan Kašpar, Štěpán Královec, Pavel Smrčka, Karel Hána, Radek Fiala.
Cuckoos parasitize many rare and inconspicuous host species but avoid other common and conspicuous ones. In this article, results of a study that solved this long-standing ecological conundrum are described. I use this work to illustrate va - rious weaknesses of typical ecological studies (sample size, data representativeness, reification) and give suggestions for a better research practice in the future. and Jiří Klimeš, Ivan Literák.