DPC played an important role in regulating the production, translocation and partítioning of i‘*C-assimilates in cotton {Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants. Seed soaking with DPC increased the partítioning of cotton assimilates into roots aitd main stem, and decreased the partítioning into seedling tip which was beneficial for the seedling. After the appearance of a square, spraying with DPC decreased the partítioning of assimilates into the main stem, branches and their growing points, and increased the partítioning into reproductíve organs and roots. This helped to avoid or reduce spindling, ensured a steady growth, coordination of the relatíon between vegetatíve and reproductíve organs, and improved the development of floral buds. From bloom to boll-setting,. sprayings with DPC greatly increased the partítioning of assimilates into reproductíve organs and decreased the partítioning into vegetatíve organs, which was usefiil for the growth and development of squares and bolls.
a1_Renal transplantation is associated with a large number of risk factors that can have an influe nce on early renal graft function (ERGF). One of these factors could be the increasing number of obese kidney donors. The mechanisms of reduced ERGF in obese kidney donors are still poorly understood. To that end, w e compared ERGF in recipients with body mass index (BMI), perivascular fat and plasma inflammation markers of live kidney donors. We hypothesi zed that the BMI of donors would negatively correlate with an average increase of glomerular filtration rate (GFR ) and that it would also be associated wi th increased perivascular and plasma inflammation markers in the first seven days after transplantation. Between January 2013 and December 2014, some 58 living kidney transplantation pairs were included in the study. Donor and recipient demographic data, preoperative BMI, blood C -reactive protein (CRP) and adiponectin levels, perivascular adipose tissue (PAT) samples and recipient blood creatinine levels were analy zed. The median CRP of donors was 0.68 mg/l (max: 8.66 mg/l, min: 0.33 mg/l), the median of M1 macrophages (CD14+CD16+) in one gram of PAT was 5940 (max: 41 100, min: 248) and the median of adiponectin was 411 930 pg/ml (max: 14 217 000, min: 167 300) in plasma. We did not find any association between early renal graft function and the percentage o f M1 macrophages in donor perirenal adipose tissue (p=0.83, r=0.03, n=58), adiponectin (p=0.65, r=0.06, n=58) or CRP (p=0.16, r=0.2, n=58) in plasma. The obesity level of donors, expressed as BMI, did not correlate with early renal graft function in the first seven days after transplantation. The associations between ERGF and plasma and perivascular fat inflammation markers were not significant., a2_We confirmed a negative correlation between the BMI of recipients and an average increase of GFR in the first sev en days after transplantation (p<0.02, r= -0.325, N=58). We confirmed a negative correlation of adiponectin plasma concentration to the BMI of donors., F. Thieme, L. Janousek, J. Fronek, A. Kralova, S. Cejkova, I. Kralova Lesna, R. Poledne., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The effect of enhanced air CO2 concentrations (C520 and 0^50 = 520 and 650 cm^ m"^) on the growth of Lamium galeobdolon and Stellaria holostea and on the competition between the two species was examined. After five months growth imder CO2 enrichment the dry masses of both species increased when the plants were grown in monoculture, but the increase in biomass was much more pronounced in Stellaria. When the plants were grown together in competition, the measured shoot masses of Stellaria were again higher under C520 and 0^50 than at ambient CO2 concentration (C390 = 390 cm^ m'^), while the shoot masses of Lamium strongly decreased at Cgso- The effect of CO2 enrichment on the two plant species in monoculture differed significantly from that observed in mixed cultures. In terms of plant relative yield, Stellaria benefitted slightly but insignificantly from competition, while Lamium was significantly suppressed imder c^sq. Total community production of the mixed culture was optimum at C520, while that of the monocultures was highest at c^sq. At C390 and C520, growth of Stellaria depended strongly on irradiance in all types of culture. At C650 no such dependence could be demonstrated.
The effect of exposure to miracidia of Schistosoma mansoni Sambon on mortality rates of five different age-groups of Biomphalarìa pfeifferi (Krauss) was investigated under carefully controlled conditions in the laboratory. The per capita mortality rates were determined for each age-group and the mean life expectancy and mean snail mortalities per week calculated. It was demonstrated that the cohorts of snails exposed to three miracidia per snail at an age of one week suffered the highest mortalities during the prepatent period and had the shortest life-span. No significant differences could be indicated in these respects between cohorts of snails exposed at an age of three, four and five weeks to the same number of miracidia. The results of this investigation could make a significant contribution towards establishing and maintaining laboratory cultures of S. mansoni.
In morphological and biochemical studies we demonstrated that the development of eight-day old dark-grown beán seedlings was drastically influenced by prolonged irradiation with far red (FR) irradiation. The synthetic processes associated with leaf expansion were fiilly active, but the accumulation of chJorophyll (Chl) was very slow and the development of the photosynthetic apparatus was much prolonged. The capacity for oxygen evolution and photophosphorylation began at about the 2''‘* day. Low temperature spectroscopy showed the accumulation of three Chl a forms with absorption maxima at 670, 677 and 683 nm from the veiy beginning of the greening process and the appearance of two longer wavelength forms (with maxima at 690 and 698 nm) at the onset of photosynthetic activity. Electron microscopy showed unfiised stacks of primary thylakoids without grana formation. When the FR treated seedlings were subsequently placed in "white light", grana differentiated from these primary thylakoids.
Changes of chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence and photosynthetic pigment contents were analysed in galled leaves (visibly damaged and undamaged parts) and intact leaves. The values of minimal fluorescence of the dark-adapted state, maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry, effective quantum yield of PSII photochemical conversion, and photochemical quenching coefficient decreased in Ulmus pumila L. leaves galled by Tetraneura ulmi (L.) and in U. glabra Huds. galled by Eriosoma ulmi (L.). Colopha compressa (Koch.) feeding affected these parameters only in damaged parts of U. laevis Pall. galled leaves. The increasing number of T. ulmi galls progressively decreased photosynthetic performance. In gall tissues of all analysed aphid species, the lowest photosynthetic pigment content was found, indicating that the photosynthetic capacity must have been low in galls. Significant reduction of Chl and carotenoid contents were observed in damaged and undamaged portions of galled leaves only in the case of T. ulmi feeding., K. Kmieć, K. Rubinowska, W. Michałek, H. Sytykiewicz., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Increased and prolonged postprandial lipemia has been identified as a risk factor of cardiovascular disease. However, there is no consensus on how to test postprandial lipemia, especia lly with respect to the composition of an experimental meal. To address this question of how glucose, when added to a fat load, affects the selected parameters of postprandial lipemia, we carried out a study in 30 healthy male volunteers. Men consumed an experimental meal containing either 75 g of fat + 25 g of glucose (F+G meal) or 75 g of fat (F meal) in a control experiment. Blood was taken before the meal and at selected time points within the following 8 h. Glucose, when added to a fat load, induced an increase of glycemia and insulinemia and, surprisingly, a 20 % reduction in the response of both total and active glucagon -like peptide -1 (GLP -1) concentration. The addition of glucose did not affect the magnitude of postprandial triglyceridemia and TRL -C and TRL -TG concentrations but stimulated a faster response of chylomicrons to the test meal, evaluated by changes in apolipoprotein B -48 concentrations. The addition of glucose induced the physiological response of insulin and the lower response of GLP -1 to the test meal during the early postprandial phase, but had no effect on changes of TRL -cholesterol and TRL -TG within 8 h after the meal., K. Zemánková, J. Mrázková, J. Piťha, J. Kovář., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Experiments were conducted to study the effect of goldthioglucose (GTG) upon the processes associated with lipid peroxidation. The glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity (G6PD; E.C.1.1.1.49) in red blood cells (RBC) and the amount of malonaldehyde precursors (MDA) per gram of brain, liver and kidney were determined. Adult mice received i.p. injections for three consecutive days of either saline (controls) or GTG dissolved in saline, in a dose of 0.10 mg.g-1 or 0.15 mg.g-1 b.w. In mice receiving higher dose of GTG the G6PD activity was significantly increased (349.38± 17.46 mU.10-9 RBC compared to 258.2± 14.46 mU.10-9 RBC in control animals). The content of MDA precursors rose significantly from 4.8± 0.81 m mol.g-1 of the liver in controls to 8.12± 1.41 m mol.g -1 and 7.88± 0.51 m mol.g-1 and from 18.71± 1.01 m mol.g-1 of the kidneys in controls to 24.25± 1.25 m mol.g-1 and 24.88± 1.7 m mol.g-1 respectively. The GTG-induced higher levels of MDA precursors and increased G6PD activity in RBC corresponds to the rise in lipid peroxidation and its participation in producing the lesions after experimental and therapeutic use of gold-containing substances seems possible., D. Košťová, E. Michnová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The average soil temperature was significantly lower in plots covered with hay. Hay mulching, however, did not increase significantly the total number of soil micro-arthropods collected using a soil pin trap and a soil sampler. Significant increases in the number of individuals was recorded only for certain groups. 64% of all the arthropods collected using soil pin traps were collected in hay-covered plots and 36% in control plots. This increase was statistically significant for the orders Entomobryomorpha and Poduromorpha of the subclass Collembola and surface-dwelling (epigeic) Coleoptera. For the samples collected using the soil sampler, 57% of the specimens were collected from hay-covered plots and 43% from control plots. As for the pin traps this was reflected in differences in the numbers of the orders Entomobrhyomorpha and Poduromorpha of the subclass Collembola and Pauropoda, collected in the treated and control plots. We conclude that mulching affected the different arthropod groups differently., Péter Dudás, László Menyhárt, Csongor Gedeon, Gergely Aambrus, Ferenc Tóth., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Cholestasis is characterized by the elevation of serum total bile acids (TBA), which leads to the production of both free radicals and oxidative stress. Although they do not share the same mechanisms, membrane glycosphingolipids (GSL) and the antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) both act against the pro-oxidative effect of TBA. The aim of the study was to assess the role of HMOX on GSL redistribution and composition within hepatocytes in the rat model of estrogen-induced cholestasis. Compared to the controls, an increase of total gangliosides in the liver homogenates of the cholestatic group (P=0.001) was detected; further, it paralleled along with the activation of their biosynthetic b-branch pathway (P<0.01). These effects were partially prevented by HMOX activation. Cholestasis was accompanied by a redistribution of GM1 ganglioside from the cytoplasm to the sinusoids; while HMOX activation led to the retention of GM1 in the cytoplasm (P=0.014). Our study shows that estrogen-induced cholestasis is followed by changes in the synthesis and/or distribution of GSL. These changes are not only triggered by the detergent power of accumulated TBA, but also by their pro-oxidant action. Increases in the antioxidant defenses might represent an important supportive therapeutic measure for patients with cholestatic liver disease., T. Petr, V. Šmíd, V. Kučerová, K. Váňová, M. Leníček, L. Vítek, F. Šmíd, L. Muchová., and Obsahuje bibliografii