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42. Effect of host plant on body size of Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and its correlation with reproductive capacity

Creator:
Kogel, Willem Jan de, Bosco, Domenico, Hoek, Marieke van der, and Mollema, Chris
Format:
print, text, and regular print
Type:
article, bibliography, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
zoologie, entomologie, hmyz, Thysanoptera, Thripidae, Frankliniella occidentalis, rozmnožování, velikost těla, potrava, hostitelská rostlina, vzájemné vztahy, 595.2/.7, and 591.5
Language:
English
Description:
The effect of different host plants on Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) body size was investigated. Thrips from three different populations, from the Netherlands, Italy, and USA, achieved greater body sizes when reared on cucumber than on bean. The same thrips grew larger when reared on susceptible than on resistant cucumber. On the latter, reproduction was reduced, suggesting that smaller thrips have a lower reproduction. However, no evidence was found for a correlation between size and reproduction in experiments with thrips from four different populations, from the Netherlands, New Zealand, France, and USA that differed significantly in body size. Also when individual thrips from the four populations were tested, there was no correlation between size and reproduction. It is concluded that resistant cucumber affects both size and reproduction of F. occidentalis. However, lower reproduction in general is not associated with smaller body size., Willem Jan de Kogel, Domenico Bosco, Marieke van der Hoek, Chris Mollema, and Lit
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43. Effect of melatonin on the release of prothoracicotropic hormone from the brain of Periplaneta americana (Blattodea: Blattidae)

Creator:
Richter, Klaus, Peschke, Elmar, and Peschke, Dorothee
Format:
print, text, and regular print
Type:
article, bibliography, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
zoologie, entomologie, hmyz, Blattodea, Periplaneta americana, mozek, hormony, prothoracikotropní hormon, uvolňování hormonu, melatonin, účinky, and 595.2/.7
Language:
English
Description:
The occurrence of melatonin is known in nearly all organisms, but nothing is known exactly about its function outside of vertebrates. Long-term perifusions as well as short-term batch incubations of brains and moulting glands of the cockroach Periplaneta americana were used to identify the effect of melatonin on the release of prothoracicotropic hormone, a glandotropic neuropeptide in the brain, which stimulates the production of the moulting hormone ecdysone in the moulting gland. This is the first experimental evidence of a neurohormonal releasing effect of melatonin in the insect nervous system., Klaus Richter, Elmar Peschke, Dorothee Peschke, and Lit
Rights:
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44. Egg size and hybrid syndrome-dependent embryo mortality in Chironomus hybrids (Diptera: Chironomidae)

Creator:
Hägele, Klaus and Kasper-Sonnenberg, Monika
Format:
print, text, and regular print
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Chironominae, hybridy, mortalita, entomologie, hmyz, dvoukřídlí, Chironomus thummi, Chironomus thummi thummi, Chironomus thummi piger, kříženci, hybridní syndromy, Rud syndrom, velikost vajíček, mortalita embryí, postzygotická reprodukční izolace, hybrid syndromes, Rud, HLE, egg size, embryo mortality, postzygotic reproductive isolation, 595.2/.7, and 591.1
Language:
English
Description:
Female hybrids of the cross Chironomus t. thummi female × Ch. t. piger male which are largely affected by the sterility inducing Rud syndrome were backcrossed with males of both parental strains. The aim of the study was to provide information about those egg volumes that are insufficient for a normal embryogenesis and to ascertain whether in the hybrids the lethally small egg size represents a new abnormal trait of the Rud syndrome. The egg masses obtained contain eggs of very different sizes with volumes ranging from 0.5 nl to 3.49 nl. Embryo mortality is unusually frequent in those eggs of the backcrosses and of the parental strains that have volumes smaller than 1.5 nl. An egg volume of 1.5 nl represents in Ch. thummi the lower limit for those volumes that are sufficient for a normal embryogenesis. Mortality increases with decreasing egg size, reaching 100% in backcross eggs with volumes of 0.99 nl and smaller. Small egg size is a new trait of the Rud syndrome affected thummi female × piger male hybrids. This trait is part of a postzygotic reproductive isolation barrier between thummi and piger and manifests first in the backcrosses. Most backcross eggs show volumes between 1.5 nl and 2.99 nl. Within this volume range the amount of mortality does not depend upon egg volume. Here, embryo death is great in the backcrosses but normal in the parental strains. The high frequency of embryo death in the backcrosses must be predominantly due to the action of the Rud syndrome and a second hybrid syndrome, called HLE syndrome. Since further characteristic traits of these syndromes could be detected in surviving backcross individuals, the study demonstrates the occurrence of the syndromes in this generation also. Therefore, the postzygotic reproductive isolation mechanism of both hybrid syndromes is effective in the hybrids and in their progeny as well., Klaus Hägele, Monika Kasper-Sonnenberg, 4 obrázky, 2 tab., and Lit.
Rights:
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48. Evolution and function of the insect hexamerins

Creator:
Burmester, Thorsten
Format:
print, text, and regular print
Type:
article, bibliography, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
zoologie, hmyz, hemolymfa, bílkoviny, hexameriny, funkce, evoluce, 595.2/.7, and 591.3
Language:
English
Description:
Hexamerins are hemocyanin-related haemolymph proteins that are widespread in insects and may accumulate to extraordinarily high concentrations in larval stages. Hexamerins were originally described as storage proteins that provide amino acids and energy for non-feeding periods. However, in recent years other specific functions like cuticle formation, transport of hormones and other organic compounds, or humoral immune defense have been proposed. During evolution, hexamerins diversified according to the divergence of the insect orders. Within the orders, there is a notable structural diversification of these proteins, which probably reflects specific functions. In this paper, the different possible roles of the hexamerins are reviewed and discussed in the context of hexamerin phylogeny., Thorsten Burmester, and Lit
Rights:
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49. Evropské osvícenství Jonathana Israele

Creator:
Cerman, Ivo
Format:
print, text, regular print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Israel, Jonathan I. (Jonathan Irvine), 1946-, historiografie, osvícenství, historiography, enlightenment, Spinoza, radikální osvícenství, radical enlightenment, 8, and 94(437)
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
The article lays out Jonathan Israel’s central ideas on the European Enlightenment, as they have been developed in his Radical Enlightenment (2001), Enlightenment Contested (2006) and A Revolution of the Mind (2009). I explain his ‘controversialist method’ of intellectual history and point out the advantages and faults of this approach. Israel’s model of the heterogeneous Enlightenment is shown as a response to A. MacIntyre’s post­modern criticism, and to the older models of a ‘single Enlightenment’, as presented by P. Gay, or older models of multiple enlightenments, as presented by J. G. Pocock. However, Israel’s heterogeneous Enlightenment recognizes just one progenitor of the positive ‘modern values’, which is identified with the Radical wing. The article reviews Israel’ s narrative of the development and spread of the Radical Enlightenment in Europe and the struggles with the Enlightenment mainstream and within the Enlightenment mainstream. However, I also show some faults in Israel’s argument, mainly his view of the ‘secular morality’, which should have been the outcome of the Radical Enlightenment’s campaign. In conclusion, I point at the inconsistency of Israel’s reconstruction of the Enlightenment morals and the differences between his view and J. Schneewind’s interpretation., Ivo Cerman., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
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