The aim of this article is to show the course of castle-library auctions in the 1930s on the specific example of the Dietrichstein family. The sale of the Mikulov castle library is placed in the broader context of legal and social changes after the collapse of the Habsburg monarchy and the establishment of the First Czechoslovak Republic (the abolition of fideicommissum, a change in the status of the former nobility). and Kristýna Kaucká.
The study examines the life of a Tuscan nobleman Luigi Angiolini. He was a writer, traveller and diplomat. He was active in the period of the Habsburg reforms, the French Revolution, Napoleonic rule and the restoration in Italy. His travelogue about England and Scotland (Lettere sopra l’Inghilterra, Scozia e Olanda) reflects his education and background which was strongly influenced by Tuscan Enlightenment. During the subsequent Napoleonic rule in Italy, he turned his attention to diplomacy in the services of Napoleon Bonaparte and grand duke Ferdinand III in Paris. The article shows how Angiolini was marked by ideas and trends of the eighteenth and early nineteenth century during his chequered life and how the breakthrough period formed him., Oldřiška Prokopová., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
This study aims to present the problems of the perspective of Catholic theology and Catholic historiography on the Enlightenment. In its first part it attempts to find an answer to the question: is the Church History rather theological or historical discipline? Then it shows some specifics of the Catholic perspective in the Church History discipline before and after the 2nd Vatican Council. In its second part it shows reflection of the problems of Enlightenment in the Catholic theology. In the next part this study dwells on discussion about understanding of Enlightenment in history since 1908 till now. In its last part shows reflection of theological and historical research in the Bohemian area before and after the 2nd Vatican Council., Rudolf Svoboda., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
First stadium juveniles of P. angustus were reared under controlled seasonal conditions to maturity, reproduction and death. Individuals born in any one breeding season either had a 1-year or a 2-year life cycle (cohort-splitting). The life cycle was annual for individuals born in the first part of the breeding season (May-August), but became biennial for those born later (August-October). Two phenomena were involved: (1) Only individuals reaching the penultimate stadium (stadium VII) before a critical period at the end of spring could become adult in the breeding season following that of their birth. After this time, stadium VII individuals entered into aestivation and only became adult in the second autumn after their birth. (2) Females becoming adult in autumn entered reproductive dormancy and only laid eggs in the following spring. Overall, individuals born at the start of the breeding season easily reached stadium VII before the critical period and were able to breed at I year, whereas individuals born at the end of the breeding season reached stadium VII after the critical period, then had two consecutive periods of dormancy and only bred at 2 years age. Individuals from the same nest born in the middle of the breeding season (August) could have either annual or biennial life cycles, depending on whether they reached stadium VII before or during aestivation. The environmental factors capable of triggering aestivation in subadults and reproductive dormancy in autumn-maturing females are discussed., Jean-Francois David, Marie-Louise Celerier, Jean-Jacques Geoffroy, and Lit
The monophyly of the Endopterygota is supported primarily by the specialized larva without external wing buds and with degradable eyes, as well as by the quiescence of the last immature (pupal) stage; a specialized morphology of the latter is not an endopterygote groundplan trait. There is weak support for the basal endopterygote splitting event being between a Neuropterida + Coleoptera clade and a Mecopterida + Hymenoptera clade; a fully sclerotized sitophore plate in the adult is a newly recognized possible groundplan autapomorphy of the latter. The molecular evidence for a Strepsiptera + Diptera clade is differently interpreted by advocates of parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses of sequence data, and the morphological evidence for the monophyly of this clade is ambiguous. The basal diversification patterns within the principal endopterygote clades (\"orders\") are succinctly reviewed. The truly species-rich clades are almost consistently quite subordinate. The identification of \"key innovations\" promoting evolutionary success (in terms of large species numbers) is fraught with difficulties., Niels P. Kristensen, and Lit