The influence of essential oils (EOs) from medicinal and aromatic plants from sage (SA), cinnamon (CN), thyme (TH) and oregano (OR) on the amylolytic, proteolytic and cellulolytic activities in chyme of the duodenum (DU), the small (SI) and large intestine (LI), the caecum (CE) and the rectum (RE) as well as on the growth ability of laboratory ICR outbred mice were compared in four feeding trials. The negative control was present in the each trial. EOs were mixed into a feed mixture (crude protein (CP) 170.0, fibre 115.0, fat 27.0, lysine 7.0, methionine and cystine 6.7, Ca 9.0, P 6.0 g.kg-1 dry matter (DM), metabolic energy (ME) 10 MJ.kg-1 DM) of experimental group as follows: 1) 6 groups (n=36, age 63 days, period 14 days) SA, CN, TH, OR, the blend of SA with OR, the dosages of EOs 0.42 except OR 0.21 ml.100 g-1 feed, 2) 2 groups (n=12, age 28 days, period 30 days) blend of SA 0.42 with OR 0.21 ml.100 g-1 feed, 3)
3 groups (n=18, age 28 days, period 58 days) CN and TH, both 0.5 ml.100 g-1 feed, 4) 2 groups (n=12, age 28 days, period 8 days) the blend of CN with TH 0.42 ml.100 g-1 feed. The peroral intake of blend of EOs from OR with SA increased the weight gains by 25 %. Additionally, it stimulated the activities of digestive enzymes in the chyme of intestinal apparatus of laboratory mice in the experimental group compared to control as follows: amylolytic by 4,138 μmol.s-1.g-1 and proteolytic by 282.2 mg azoalbumin.min-1.g-1 in SI (p<0.01), cellulolytic by 23.58 in LI and by 34.87 mmol glucose.min-1.g-1 in CE (p<0.01).
Circadian clock plays an essential role in orchestrating daily physiology, and its disruption can evoke metabolic diseases such as obesity. L-Carnitine can reduce blood lipid levels, and ameliorate fatty liver through regulating lipid metabolism. However, whether L-Carnitine administration may affect the disturbance of lipid metabolism and circadian rhythm of mice induced by prolonged circadian disruption is still unknown. Herein, we investigated the effects of L-Carnitine on conditions of circadian clock and lipid metabolism through a chronic jet-lag mice model which was developed by reversing 12 h light/12 h dark cycle every 4 days for a continuous 12 weeks. Results showed that L-Carnitine administration significantly decreased levels of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and triglycerides (TG), which were remarkably elevated by chronic jet-lag. More importantly, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis indicated that L-Carnitine supplementation would effectively counteract the negative
alterations in gene expression which related to lipid metabolism (Srebp1, Acaca, Fasn, and Scd1), metabolic regulator (mTOR)
and circadian rhythm (Bmal1 , Per1, Cry1 and Dec1 ) in the liver of
mice subjected to the chronic jet-lag. As a conclusion, L-Carnitine was partly effective in preventing the disruption of circadian clock and lipid metabolic disorders induced by the chronic jet-lag.
Our study aimed to investigate subacute exposure to alcohol in relation to bone microstructure of mice. Animals from experimental (E) group drank a solution composed of 15 % ethanol and water for 14 days (one remodeling cycle), while those from control (C) group drank only water. In the compact bone of E group, decreased bone formation and increased porosity were observed which corresponds with lower levels of serum alkaline phosphatase and glutathione. Alcohol significantly increased sizes of primary osteon's vascular canals and decreased those of secondary osteons, Haversian canals. Relative bone volume, bone mineral density (BMD), relative bone volume without marrow cavity were also lower in E group. On the contrary, trabecular bone microstructure did not differ significantly between E and C groups. Liver function test showed higher levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase in alcohol-fed mice. Serum calcium, phosphate were significantly lower in E group. According to our study, only changes in compact bone microstructure of mice following one remodeling cycle were observed due to both direct and indirect effects of alcohol., A. Sarocka, V. Kovacova, R. Omelka, M. Bauerova, E. Kapusta, Z. Goc, G. Formicki, M. Martiniakova., and Obsahuje bibliografii