The article reviews the research on travelling and tourism in
Czechoslovakia from 1945 till the end of the communist regime in 1989. The attention is paid to three elementary dimensions. The
first part points out some of the limits of existing research which during the last seventy years was formed through the specific discipline of Czech tourism research. Second part is tackling some of the current problems and challenges in the research, particularly the questions connected with relevant sources. The third part
outlines some basic topics, along which the future research on travelling and tourism can be structured. and Článek zahrnuje poznámový aparát pod čarou
Czechoslovakia, as a successor state of Austria-Hungary, was forced to deal with the loss of the large protected domestic market that had been provided by membership of the former empire. Several trade missions were organised in the early 1920s in order to seek new areas of activity for Czechoslovak exports and imports, often in hitherto unknown markets. The missions were initiated by the Ministry of Trade or the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The paper describes a mission organised by Václav Girsa, which was led by Josef Hříbek. The Hříbek mission was a Czechoslovak legionaries' mission, organised as a by-product of the return of the Legions en route from Vladivostok to Europe. The mission aimed at providing a first hand analysis of the Turkestan area. The route led from Vladivostok, through Bombay, to British Balochistan and then from Eastern Persia to Turkestan. ongoing local conflicts caused a major change in the mission's plans and the group undertook an economic and political study of persia instead., Adéla Jůnová Macková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The article treats the life of doctor Josef Aul who held the post of a soldier at the eastern front line in the World War One. He was taken captive by the Russians and went through different camps till he found himself in Bucharra, currently Uzbekistan. Because of the progressing danger coming from Tashkent Bolsheviks and fanatic Muslims, he set out for a hazardous journey across Afghanistan. Thus, he became the first historically acknowledged Czech who crossed this land. His journey took more than four months and the involuntary traveller covered more than two thousand kilometres in distance. Josef Aul dedicated himself to the occupation of a physician after his arrival do Czechoslovakia and never conceived hatred for his beloved Asia. He became an author of numerous publications and an active member of Oriental Institute Academy in Prague.
The history of lasers at the Institute of Scientific Instruments of the ASCR in Brno (ISI) has begun 1249 days after the worldwide premiere of laser. The first to be put into operation at ISI was the He-Ne laser (16 October 1963). Highest attention was then paid to its further development making possible a large number of its applications. The He-Ne laser was followed by a ruby laser (4 March 1964), He-Cd laser (1970), and Nd:YAG laser (1973). The article presents all achievements concerning lasers at ISI accompanied by historic photos, their applications and routes to production at national companies. Nowadays many of these instruments and techniques are in use and are further being perfected, such as interferometric distance measurements with sub-nanometer resolution, methods of comparison of metrological etalons by femtosecond lasers, utilization of laser light for manipulations with micro-object combined with laser micro-spectroscopy., P. Zemánek, J. Lazar, O. Číp, L. Oprchalová, J. Kršek, D. Vavrouch., and Obsahuje bibliografii