Adipose tissue is an important target for thyroid hormones (TH). However, the metabolism of TH in white adipose tissue is poorly characterized. Our objective was to describe possible changes in activities of TH-metabolizing enzymes in white adipose tissue, and the role of TH metabolism in the tissue during obesogenic treatment, caloric restriction and in response to leptin in mice. Activity of type I iodothyronine 5’-deiodinase (D1) in white fat was stimulated by a high-fat diet, which also increased plasma leptin levels, while brown adipose tissue D1 activity did not change. Caloric restriction decreased the activity of D1 in white fat (but not in the liver), reduced leptin levels, and increased the expression of stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 (SCD-1), a marker and mediator of the effect of leptin on tissue metabolism. Leptin injections increased D1 activity and down-regulated SCD-1 in white fat. Our results demonstrate changes in D1 activity in white adipose tissue under the conditions of changing adiposity, and a stimulatory effect of leptin on D1 activity in the tissue. These results suggest a functional role for D1 in white adipose tissue, with D1 possibly being involved in the control of adipose tissue metabolism and/or accumulation of the tissue., Z. Macek Jílková ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
We give a new representation of solutions to a class of time-dependent Schrödinger type equations via the short-time Fourier transform and the method of characteristics. Moreover, we also establish some novel estimates for oscillatory integrals which are associated with the fractional power of negative Laplacian $(-\Delta )^{\kappa /2}$ with $1\leq \kappa \leq 2$. Consequently the classical Hamiltonian corresponding to the previous Schrödinger type equations is studied. As applications, a series of new boundedness results for the corresponding propagator are obtained in the framework of modulation spaces. The main results of the present article include the case of wave equations.
For every module $M$ we have a natural monomorphism \[ \Psi :\coprod _{i\in I}\mathop {\mathrm Hom}\nolimits _R(M,A_i)\rightarrow \mathop {\mathrm Hom}\nolimits _R\biggl (M,\coprod _{i\in I}A_i\biggr) \] and we focus our attention on the case when $\Psi $ is also an epimorphism. Some other colimits are also considered.
The present work gives some characterizations of $R$-modules with the direct summand sum property (in short DSSP), that is of those $R$-modules for which the sum of any two direct summands, so the submodule generated by their union, is a direct summand, too. General results and results concerning certain classes of $R$-modules (injective or projective) with this property, over several rings, are presented.
The subject of this analysis is Bridge No. 1 in Mikulčice, which was discovered during a large-scale archaeological excavation of a former riverbed between the years 1966 and 1968 and revisited in 2012. Although it is the best preserved bridge in Mikulčice, reconstucting it faces a number of limitations. The aim of this article is to define in more detail such limitations as well as possibilities, drawing on previous attempt to reconstuct this bidge. During the processing of the find situation of Bridge No. 1 foru "key questions" regarding reconstruction have been formulated. Our resulting statement says that in the fiven circumstances we cannot exclude the existence of a number of substantial reconstructions of the bridge, or rather the existence of more bridges constucted over time in the same place. Because only the load-bearing parts of the bridge´s construction have been preserved, we know almost nothing about the part above water level. Here we can be inspored especially by mediaeval and modern era bridges in period representations or by bridges of similar constuction that are still standing. There remains the general quetion of the origin of the bridge´s consturction, which has analogies in a nuber of La téne and Roman localities in Western Europe. A possible explanation is that the Classical tradition of engineering may have been mediated by the provinces in the Danube region., Lumír Poláček, Gerard Wilke., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The surface surveys over the Mohelno highland plateau microregion, bordered by Oslava River to the north and Jihlava River to the south, have a long tradition with many resultant collections. Part of those collections that were available for study to the authors (including their own fi nds) were reanalyzed. Generally, this microregion is distinctive due to its specifi c Early Upper Paleolithic industry (or industry from the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transitional period) combining Levallois technique and bifacial reduction. Although the association of these two components is an important question for current archeology, the material from this microregion cannot be used for addressing this question because the collections are from surface scatters so the level of assemblage homogeneity and chronological control cannot be established. Although the local Krumlovský les-type chert dominates the raw material spectra, imports of Stránská skála-type chert and radiolarite also occur. Other raw materials include local siliceous weathering products, Cretaceous spongolite chert and rock crystal. In addition, Aurignacian occupation (with prevailing erratic fl int in raw material spectra) was documented at one site, supplemented by several isolated finds., Petr Škrdla ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The site of Mohelno-Plevovce is located on a small plateau near the bottom of a deeply incised Jihlava River canyon. While this concealed position is protected by rocky slopes from the east, north and west, it is exposed to insolation from the south. The site is affected by erosional forces of fluctuating water levels caused by Dalešice pumped-storage hydroelectric power plant since the 1970‘s. The site was intermittently occupied by humans from the Late Upper Paleolithic to recent times as documented by repeated salvage excavations since 2013. Lengyel Culture occupation has already been identified in surface surveys, but corresponding cultural features were not excavated until the last two years. The excavation yielded characteristic material including pottery and stone industry, as well as charcoal which allowed dating and a detailed anthracological analysis. Relative chronology suggests the MMK-Ib phase, while radiocarbon dating places the occupation at the end of MMK-I / beginning of MMK-II phase. Anthracology analyses suggest an open canopy woodland forest as the dominant biome.