Cities in socialist Czechoslovakia were meant to constitute the setting for an ideal socialist society. The dogmatic embracement of this objective by the ruling Communist Party eventuated in complete intolerance towards any manifestation of free-thinking of alleged opposition to socialism. Starting in the 1960s, part od Czechoslovak youth were inspired by the Western countercultural hippie movement and the Beat generation, as well as by punk subculture beginning in the 1970s. These people openly displayed their alienation from the official cultury by disrupting the established societal standards of appearance, behaviour, and leisure activities.
Influence of respiration on photosynthesis in Synechocystis PCC6803 was studied by measuring the redox transients of cytochrome f (cyt f) upon excitation of the cells with repetitive single turnover flashes. Upon the addition of KCN the flash-induced oxidation of cyt f was increased and the rereduction of cyt f+ was accelerated. Dependence of these effects on the concentration of KCN clearly demonstrated the existence of two cyanide-sensitive oxidases interacting with photosynthesis: cyt aa3, which was sensitive to low concentrations of cyanide, and an alternative oxidase, which could be suppressed by using ≥1 mM KCN. The interaction between the photosynthetic and the respiratory electron transport chains was regulated mainly by the activity of the alternative cyanide-sensitive oxidase. The oxidative pathway involving the alternative cyanide-sensitive oxidase was insensitive to salicyl hydroxamic acid and azide. The close resemblance of the inhibition pattern reported here and that described for chlororespiration in algae and higher plants strongly suggest that an oxidase of the same type as the alternative cyanide-sensitive oxidase of cyanobacteria functions as a terminal oxidase in chloroplasts. and C. Büchel, O. Zsíros, G. Garab.
Activities of some enzymes related to carbon metabolism were studied in different ecotypes of Rumex nepalensis growing at 1 300, 2 250, and 3 250 m above mean sea level. Activities of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, aspartate aminotransferase, and glutamine synthetase increased with altitude, whereas activities of malate dehydrogenase, NAD-malic enzyme, and citrate synthase did not show a significant difference with change in altitude. and N. Kumar ... [et al.].
High altitude profoundly influenced plant diversity and distribution on mountains of southern Sinai (Egypt). Plants exhibiting the C3-mode of photosynthesis were widely distributed along the altitudinal transect. Plants exhibiting the C4-mode were restricted below an altitude of about 1400 m above sea level. The transition from C3-dominated areas to C4-dominated areas occurred between 1200 and 1400 m a.s.l. and O. H. Sayed, M. K. Mohamed.
We reviewed the distribution of Robertsonian (Rb) races of Mus musculus domesticus in central and southern Italy. This Rb system is called the Apennine system and includes four races (Cittaducale, ICDE, 2n=22; Ancarano, IACR, 2n=24; Campobasso, ICBO, 2n=22; Colfiorito, ICOL, 2n=33–34) surrounded by standard populations with karyotype 2n=40. Here we evaluate the relationships between the altitudinal distribution of races, and the indoor vs. outdoor behaviour of populations, inferred from literature data on the diet of the barn owl Tyto alba. We assume that a higher prevalence of mice in owl pellets reflects a higher outdoor occurrence of mice. The IACR and ICDE races were found at higher altitudes than the standard populations, while the ICBO race is present at lower altitudes like the standard race. The standard race has indoor and outdoor populations; in all the Rb races an indoor life has been suggested by our data. This behaviour is only partly due to altitude, since the ICBO race also lives at sea level. We speculated that indoor life is an intrinsic characteristic of the ICBO race irrespective of the environment. This pattern reinforces the idea that indoor life, through its population dynamics, has played a significant role in the evolutionary history of Rb races.
On the basis of solid-state aluminium-27 nuclear magnetic resonance measurements a new organo-aluminium complex in coal substance was discovered in the solid extracts obtained both from the Ostrava-Karviná bituminous coal and the North Bohemian Basin brown coal. In the 27 Al MAS NMR spectra it was found that the significant chemical shift at 13.6-14.6 ppm corresponds with that obtained for the aluminium hexaphenoxide complex (14.2 ppm). Therefore, organo-aluminium complex with hexa-coordination to oxygen is present in coal substance., Pavel Straka., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Two weeks-old maize (Zea mays cv. XL-72.3) plants were exposed to Al concentrations 0 (Al0), 9 (Al9), 27 (Al27) or 81 (Al81) g m-3 for 20 d in a growth medium with low ionic strength. Thereafter, the Al concentration-dependent interactions on root nitrate uptake, and its subsequent reduction to ammonia in the leaves were investigated. Al concentrations in the roots sharply increased with increasing Al concentrations while root elongation correspondingly decreased. Root fresh and dry masses, acidification capacity, and nitrate and nitrogen contents decreased from Al27 onwards, whereas leaf nitrogen, nitrate, nitrite, and ammonia concentrations decreased starting with Al9. Electrolytic conductance increased by 60 % in root tissues from Al0 to Al81 but it did not increase significantly in the leaves. In Al9, Al27, and Al81 plants a decrease in shoot fresh and dry masses was observed. Al concentrations between 0 and 27 g m-3 increased net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and the quantum yield of photosynthetic electron transport, whereas the intercellular CO2 concentration was minimum in Al27 plants. In the leaves, nitrate reductase (E.C. 1.6.6.1) activity increased until Al27, and nitrite reductase (E.C. 1.6.6.4) activity until Al81. Hence there may be an Al mediated extracellular and intracellular regulation of root net nitrate uptake. Nitrate accumulation in the roots affects the translocation rates and, therefore, the nitrate concentration in the leaves. The in vivo reducing power generated by the photosynthetic electron flow does not limit nitrate to ammonia reduction, and the increase of maximum nitrate and nitrite reductase activities parallels the decreasing nitrate, nitrite, and ammonia concentrations. and F. C. Lidon, J. C. Ramalho, M. G. Barreiro.