The inconsistency of data regarding intrauterine programming of cardiovascular risk factors may be largely caused by genetic predisposition and later lifestyle. We analyzed whether low birth weight and apolipoprotein E (Apo E) polymorphism participate in the onset of hypercholesterolemia in children. Our approach was based on hypothesis that genetically enhanced susceptibility of different individuals might influence the effects of intrauterine programming. Two groups were selected from 2000 children at the beginning of an ongoing study: high-cholesterol group (HCG, n=67) and low-cholesterol group as a control (LCG, n=72). Both groups were divided into tertilles according to birth weight and we compared birth weight and apo E gene polymorphism between and within groups. The birth weight in HCG was 0.3 kg lower than the controls (p<0. 001). The frequency of apoE4 was 31 % in HCG and only 10 % in LCG. The frequency of apoE4+ genotypes was not significantly different between tertilles based on birth weight in HCG. We suppose that intrauterine undernutrition, demonstrated by a lower birth weight, participates in the development of hypercholesterolemia already in childhood. The effects of low birth weight and the candidate gene - apoE, are synergic., P. Szitányi, H. Pistulková, J. A. Hubáček, H. Stuchlíková, R. Poledne., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Vysněného cíle nakonec dosáhlo šest výprav. Dvě posádky testovaly mateřskou loď i lunární modul na oběžné dráze Země, jiné dvě na oběžné dráze Měsíce. Apollo 13 zažilo nejúspěšnější neúspěch. Dvanáct lidí - výpravy Apollo 11, 12, 14, 15, 16 a 17 - na povrchu Měsíce chodilo, skákalo, padalo, jezdilo i tak trochu bouralo. Zpět na Zemi přivezli kosmonauti na čtyři sta kilogramů hornin. Jimi prováděné experimenty, z nichž jeden stále běží, si vzaly na paškál studium mechanických vlastností půdy, měsícotřesení, vlastností slunečního větru... Jedinou vadou na kráse je, že se tak stalo už před padesáti roky. and Jiří Dušek.
První družice světa, první živý tvor ve vesmíru, první sondy k Měsíci, první člověk na oběžné dráze... Sovětský svaz sbíral v počátcích kosmické éry lidstva prvenství jako na běžícím pásu. Spojené státy nástup věku kosmických letů podcenily a najednou nemohly chytit dech. and Tomáš Přibyl.
We have recently developed a simple method of plasma free DNA detection, which enables us to distinguish between apoptotic and genomic (necrotic) DNA. After applying this method to the critically ill, we revealed apoptotic DNA on the day of admission to be higher than later when multiple-organ failure developed. Moreover, apoptotic DNA contributed to total plasma DNA much more than DNA from necrotic cells and its increase predicted future development of multiple-organ failure and death.
Apoptosis was induced by treatment of HL-60 cells with C2-ceramide. Apoptotic damage of DNA was detected according to the sub-Gl peak on a flow cytometer, according to the typical morphology and according to the DNA fragmentation "ladder" after gel electrophoresis. It was shown that the apoptotic cleavage followed after G1 blockade of the cell cycle. A high correlation coefficient (rs=0.957) was found between the percentages of G1 blocked cells and apoptotic cells. This high correlation together with the appearance of the sub-Gl peak suggests that the G1 blocked HL-60 cells were subject to apoptotic death. It is deduced that the mechanisms leading to G1 blockade of the cell cycle and activation of apoptosis in HL-60 cells are interconnected.
The effect of phagocytosis of living bacteria on apoptotic DNA changes was examined in pig leukocytes in relation to immune system maturation. Blood samples of pigs (aged 6, 12 and 18 weeks) were cultivated with a suspension of bacterial cells Salmonella typhimurium LB 5000 at 37 °C. In the experimental groups, killed bacteria and microspheric particles were used to detect the influence of the phagocytic process. Phagocytic activity and index were determined in each sample by means of microspheric particles. The ability to kill engulfed microbes (bactericidal capacity) was estimated from the decrease in bacterial colony-forming units (CFU). Samples of cultured cells were taken for DNA analysis at given intervals. DNA ladder assay was used for qualitative apoptotic DNA break detection and the TUNEL AP test was employed for quantification of apoptosis. In 18-week-old animals, spontaneous DNA degradation was observed in the control group without phagocytosis after 8 h. In contrast, cells cultivated with microspheric particles or killed bacteria became apoptotic after 4 h. The rate of apoptotic DNA degradation was decreased in the group exposed to living bacteria. This prolonged survival of phagocytes was also detected in 12-week-old animals, but not at 6 weeks of age. These findings were supported by the ability of phagocytes in 6-week-old animals to engulf microbes, but their killing (bactericidal) ability was significantly decreased in comparison with other stages of immune system maturation. These results suggest that the process of phagocytosis itself is accompanied by activation of the apoptotic program in phagocytic cells of the pig immune system, but the presence of phagocyted living bacteria can delay this activation. The prolonged survival of short-lived cells was only observed in later phases of immune system maturation., E. Matalová, A. Španová, F. Kovářů., and Obsahuje bibliografii
We address the specific, leftist dissent in socialist Yugoslavia that was centred around the Praxis intellectual school. Our aim is to show the divergent paths that strongly marked the legacy of the group’s Serbian wing. Tracing the intellectual engagement of two prominent figures that ended on completely opposite ends of the political spectrum – Mihailo Marković and Miladin Životić – we want to show that the inception of Yugoslavia’s bloody dissolution can be traced back to the very core of what could be called orthodox left dissent. We analyse the “truly leftist” politics of Mihailo Marković during the 1968 protests, which devolved into support for the police and apologia for war and nationalism in the 1990s. We compare his central intellectual role in instituting a nationalist brand of socialism in Serbia to the public engagement of Miladin Životić, whose marginalization stands as reminder of those who dared to oppose the dominant nationalist narratives and offered a vision of life together.