The purpose of this paper is to examine the image of the city as represented and conceptualized in the works of prominent modern Arab poets, mainly since the 1950s. In this article, I will argue that the attitude of these modernists toward the city is characterized by a unique ambivalence. On the one hand, many of them (particularly those who migrated from provincial towns and rural areas to a capital city) unequivocally depict the city or metropolis as a harsh and cruel prison. On the other hand, these same poets recognize the immeasurable possibilites and the immense cultural space the big city offers its inhabitants, especially its poets and artists. Accordingly, a more incisive reading of their works reveals that modern Arab poets are also enthralled and captivated by the modern city. They feel that they have to put up with the metropolis, awe inspiring as it may be, distant from the "firsts sky" as it may be, because it allows them to confront paradox and incongruity, thus eliciting creativity. Therefore, as far as most Arab modernist poets are concerned, having been uprooted from their home village has put them face to face with "the other". In their eyes, it is exactly this challenge to their comfortable and somewhat stolid existence that propels them to the forefront of artistic creation.
The year 1948 brought an essential transformation to the countryside, its traditional values and principals of its functioning. The collectivization did not only mean consolidation of private land into collective farms; for the entire period, it was connected with repressive methods used against so-called kulaks. The contribution is a micro-probe into the life story of miller Jaroslav Paukner from the village of Hrejkovice in Southern Bohemia. Together with his parents, he was classified as “kulak” and he had to face permanent economic and social pressure crowned by
handing over of his farm to the local collective farm, deportation of the family from the village and following court proceedings as a consequence of miller´s self-willed removing into his native village. The article is based on comparison of archive materials, private chronicle of a Hrejkovice inhabitant, and survivors ́ memories. Its main aim was to offer an alternative view of the 1950s than that offered by history books, namely through a very particular story.
The study pays attention to the formation of the research into Nativ Americans, as well as to the ethical issues connected not only
with the discipline of cultural anthropology, but also of museology,
archaeology, or cultural studies. The study reflects the development
in the attitude to Nativ Americans since the second half of the 19th
century. It describes the foundation of the Institute of American Ethnology, the formation of anthropology in the USA as well as the era of Franz Boas, one of its founders. It also reflects the criticism by Indian academicians. It points out the interconnection between political ideologies, relation to Indians (and all indigenous inhabitants of North America) and definition of research, most visibly especially in connection with applied anthropology It also focuses on contemporary trends, ethical codes, and the role of the Native American and Indigenous Studies within the context of decolonization.
Kniha uznávaného amerického historika třetí říše patří ke klasickým pracím o německém wehramachtu. Autor se v ní zabývá především ideologickou indoktrinací Hitlerovy armády, sociálními vazbami uvnitř ní, válečnými zločiny a trestáním jejích příslušníků a konečně mechanismy sebeospravedlňování a poválečnou pamětí německých vojáků. Soud recenzenta o knize je výrazně pozitivní. and This is a review of the Czech translation of Hitler’s Army: Soldiers, Nazis, and War in the Third Reich (New York, 1992). The work, by the respected American historian Omer Bartov, is a classic among books on the Wehrmacht. In it, Bartov is concerned primarily with the ideological indoctrination of Hitler’s army, the social links within it, war crimes, and the punishment of Wehrmacht soldiers, and, ultimately, the mechanisms of self-justification and the post-war memories of German soldiers. The reviewer praises it highly.
The article deals with the manuscript DF V 11 housed in the Strahov Library and containing a transcription of the Tovačov Book - a manual of early Moravian provincial law. The text is analysed in a detailed way as this codex is missing in the list of the manuscripts of the Book compiled by Prof. Čáda in 1968.
The article deals with the manuscript DF V 11 housed in the Strahov Library and containing a transcription of the Tovačov Book - a manual of early Moravian provincial law. The text is analysed in a detailed way as this codex is missing in the list of the manuscripts of the Book compiled by Prof. Čáda in 1968.
Cílem této eseje je načrtnout takový přístup k (literárnímu) textu, který prostřednictvím pojmů světový názor a interpretační komunita umožňuje vyložit symbolický systém díla a zasadit jej do historického kontextu doby jeho vzniku. V první části se vyrovnávám s definicí pojmů Weltanschauung a Weltbild v německé filozofické tradici, v níž lze sledovat počátky konceptualizování vztahu mezi jedincem a nazíraným světem. Obsahem druhé části je konfrontace ideologické interpretace literárního textu, kterým se vyznačoval marxleninismus, a takového výkladu, který nevychází z předem daného stanoviska, ale snaží se popsat světonázorovou strukturu sledovaného konceptu. Produktivní definici světonázoru (world view) představilo bruselské Center Leo Apostel, které tento typ výzkumu institucionalizovalo na široce interdisciplinární bázi. Několik závěrečných poznámek přítomného textu je věnováno způsobu, jakým se nám světový názor autora jeví při čtení díla a rovněž dynamice světonázoru v souvislosti s historickou změnou. and This article outlines an approach to a literary text, which enables one, by means of the terms Weltanschauung (world view) and interpretation community, to interpret the symbol system of a work and to put it into the historical context of its period. In the first part, the author compares the definitions of Weltanschauung and Weltbild in the German philosophical tradition, in which one observes the beginning of the conceptualization of the relationship between the individual and observation of the world. The second part of the article is a comparison of the ideological interpretation of the literary text, typical of Marx-Leninism, and of the kind of interpretation that does not start from an already agreed standpoint, but seeks instead to describe the Weltanschauung structure of the concept under observation. A productive definition of ‘world view’ was offered by the Center Leo Apostel, Brussels, which institutionalized this sort of research on a broad interdisciplinary basis. The article concludes with several remarks on the means by which an author’s Weltanschauung appears to us when reading his or her work, and also on the dynamics of the Weltanschauung in connection with historical change.