The Pilsen-Senec Mesolithic station is situated on the left banks of the Berounka River, 14-16 meters above its current level, in an industinct saddle 326 m above sea level. The chipped stone industry form Pilse-Senec has a distinctly diverse material composition. The raw material are predominantly local and include different varieties of hornstone, lydite, slate, quartz, sandstone and limonite. Imported materials are represented by Nordic flint, differnet varieties of Bavarian hornstone and northwest Bohemian quartzite (Bečov, Skršín and Tušimeice types). The cipped stone industry from Pilsen-Senec is a relatively large collection of artifacts (2 069 pieces) with madny different raw materials. Trhe pridution part of the collection is absolutely predominat. The number of microliths and retouched artifats is very small. Hammerstones,anvils and heating stones are also presnet. Covetional typological analysis has differentiated between two groups of artifacts. The first group has characteristic Mesolithic microliths - such as Komornica type points, sements, a triangle, Borki type blade, and microblades. A tendecy toward microlithization is also indicated by several other tools such as end-scrapers, burins and awls. The second group consists of artifacts typical for the late Paleolithic period, for example a convexed backed point, chisels, awls,, bacek blades, lateral burigns and long blades. Using the typical approach, it would seem appropriate to divide the complex itno twoo cultural complexes- late Paleolithic and Mesolithic., Jan Fridrich, Ivana Fridrichová-Sýkorová, Milan Metlička., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Publikace poměrně podrobně charakterizuje vývoj slovenské ekonomiky, a zvláště dopravy již od poloviny 19. století, byť ve svém jádru pojednává o období samostatné Slovenské republiky (1939-1945) a poválečného tříletí. Podle recenzenta jde o velmi solidní a komplexní práci, jejíž největší přínos spočívá ve využití velkého množství dosud nezpracovaných pramenů a v zachycení pozoruhodných rozdílů v rozvoji dopravní infrastruktury, technologií a způsobů cestování mezi českými zeměmi a Slovenskem v různých obdobích., The publication History of transportation in Slovakia 1938-1948 (1950): Its boundaries and limits characterizes in a fairly detailed manner the development of the Slovak economy since the mid-1800s, although its core deals with the independent Slovak Republic (1939-1945) and the first three years after the war. In the reviewer´s opinion, it is a very solid and comprehensive work the greates contribution of which consists in the use of a large amount of hitherto unprocessed sources and a capture of remarkable differences in the development of transportation infrastructure, technologies, and modes of travel between Slovakia and the Cezch Lands in various periods of time., [autor recenze] Pavel Szobi., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Publikace ve formě historického průvodce prostřednictvím hesel a průvodních fotografií o téměř padesáti místech a objektech v Brně přibližuje tvář moravské metropole v období československého stalinismu, tedy na konci čtyřicátých a počátku padesátých let minulého století. Recenzent představuje podobu knihy a některé význačné reálie tehdejšího Brna, které jsou v ní zachyceny. Příznivě přitom hodnotí fakt, že její určení širší čtenářské veřejnosti není na újmu odborné úrovni a faktografické spolehlivosti. Za dílčí nedostatek považuje absenci rozsáhlejší úvodní studie a chronologického přehledu dobových událostí v Československu., The publication under review is a historical guidebook, with entries and accompanying photographs on almost fifty places and buildings in Brno, the capital of Moravia. Its focus, however, is the city in the period of Czechoslovak Stalinism, that is, from the late 1940s to the early 1950s. The reviewer discusses the form of the book and some of the important background to Brno in that period. He appreciates the fact that although the book is intended for the general public this is not to the detriment of its scholarship and the reliability of its facts. He does, nevertheless, see a small shortcoming in the absence of a substantial introduction and chronology of events in Czechoslovakia in this period., [autor recenze] Jiří Pernes., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Count Joseph of Auersperg (1767-1829) was a lawyer, the president of the Bohemian Land Court and a member of the Prague Masonic lodge "At the Truth and Unity at the three Crowned Pillars" (Zur Wahrheit und Einigkeit zu den drei gekrönten Säulen). After the so called Jacobin trials (1794-1795) the Masonry was forbidden in the Habsburg monarchy and the Masonic lodges stopped their activities in order to avoid the state persecution. Despite the official proscription of Masonic lodges count Auersperg attempted to renew this lodge. Auersperg made use of the atmosphere of the illusive political thaw after the defeat of the Austrian army in 1809. He managed to succeed in his efforts until 1812 when the Austrian police traced this activity on the grounds of opening and controlling his correspondence. The count was then punished by transfer to Brno to serve there as the president of the Appellate Court in Moravia. In Brno he entered the environment influenced by local masons who after the dissolution of their lodge channelled their activities to philanthropy, culture and organization of science. They initiated a plan to found the Moravian museum in Brno after the example of Joanneum in Graz in Styria. In the person of Auersperg these men found an ardent supporter of this idea. Auersperg participated in presenting the programme of the new museum to the MoravianSilesian Gubernium. The plan was approved by the authorities and Auersperg thus became one of the founders of this prominent institution. The harassment he suffered from the police regime and his overall case are illustrative of the methods used by the Austrian state against its real as well as supposed opponents. In his private correspondence with friends Auersperg made critical remarks about the situation at the Land Court in Prague, which was also revealed by the police and reported to the emperor. Moreover, the contacts Auers, Dušan Uhlíř., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
The study discusses Libor Jan’s hypothesis that the Rajhrad Monastery was not only founded as an independent institution, but was also a collegiate chapter and not a Benedictine cloister. Jan later declared Rajhrad a significant centre for the 10th century South Moravian church and even the seat of a bishop’s filial office. Although these hypotheses were insufficiently supported, they began to be accepted in the literature. However, most of the arguments in favour of these ideas can be disproven. The author examines the so-called Pseudo-Břetislav Fakes that include the Břevnov Monestary’s claim to Rajhrad and proves the authenticity of the testimony within. The conflict between the Olomouc bishops and Břevnov is also discussed, presenting the older claims by the Prague institution. The author also analyses immunity and indulgence documents, which do not show the independence of the Rajhrad Monastery. The author also doubts the church tradition lasting from the post-Great Moravia period, which is the basis for Jan’s hypotheses. and Dana Zapletalová.
To mark the 40th death anniversary of František Dvorník, one of the eminent twentieth-century experts in Slavic and Byzantine history and in relations between the churches of Rome and Constantinople, the Institute of Slavonic Studies of the CAS organized the international symposium entitled Francis Dvorník: Scholar and His Work at villa Lanna in Prague. The conference was also included in the events celebrating the 125th anniversary of the foundation of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Arts. On September 10, 2015, the Institute of Slavonic studies of the CAS and the editorial board of Byzantinoslavica organized (also on the occasion of the 40th death anniversary of Francis Dvorník) an international workshop Lives, Roles and Actions of the Byzantine Empresses (4th-15th c.). and Martina Čechová.
There are many uncertainties about the production and dissemination of vocal polyphony manuscripts from Prague illuminators’ and scribes’ ateliers compared with the dissemination of monophonic vocal manuscripts. The only known “workshop” producing manuscripts with primarily polyphonic music is the one led by Master Jan Kantor Starý († 1582) in Prague’s New Town. However, the number of surviving manuscripts suggests that more “workshops” might have existed in Prague at the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries. The goal of this study is to ascertain if there were any other ateliers in Prague producing vocal polyphony manuscripts during the analysed period. The findings are based on recent palaeographic and codicological analyses of the selected group of polyphonic sources written by identical scribal hands: Kutná Hora Codex from 1593 (Czech Museum of Music, Prague), Trubka’s Gradual from 1604 (Prague City Archives, Prague), the Partbook of the St. Barbara Literary Brotherhood in Přeštice from 1619 (National Library of the Czech Republic, Prague) and a bifolio from an unknown partbook in the Gradual of the St. Castulus Church from 1580 (Library of the Archbishop’s Chateau, Kroměříž). The comparison of the analysed scribal hands indicates the existence of an atelier that was probably from the milieu of the royal court. Systematic inquiries into the professional production of polyphonic manuscripts should thus continue because that is the only way to better and fully understand the musical culture of the Czech lands during the Renaissance., Natálie Krátká., Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy, and Jan Pulkrábek [překladatel]
a1_Studie analyzuje československé politické dějiny první poloviny sedmdesátých let na tématu prezidentského nástupnictví po generálovi Ludvíku Svobodovi (1895-1979), s akcentem na roli Gustáva Husáka (1913-1991), který vyšel z politické krize let 1968-1969 jako nejmocnější aktér a na čtrnáctém sjezdu Komunistické strany Československa byl potvrzen ve funkci jejího generálního tajemníka. Autor s využitím sovětských archivů poukazuje na diference mezi jednotlivými činiteli ve vedení KSČ, zvláště na nejednotnost takzvaných zdravých sil, přičemž lze podle něj hovořit o rozkladu tohoto bloku, zformovaného během pražského jara, na několik menších skupin. Tajemník Ústředního výboru KSČ Vasil Biľak (1917-2014) byl pod tímto vlivem a sovětským tlakem donucen rezignovat na ambice stanout v čele KSČ a musel se spokojit s pozicí stranické „dvojky“. Sovětské vedení odvozovalo společenskou stabilitu Československa od pevnosti stranického vedení, a zejména stavělo na spolupráci Husáka a Biľaka, jimž to dávalo najevo. Zdravotní stav neumožňoval Ludvíku Svobodovi plnohodnotně vykonávat prezidentský úřad, osobně ani o udržení funkce neusiloval, přesto byl v zájmu politické stability ve funkci potvrzen v březnu 1973 a zůstával jakýmsi provizorním řešením. Studie nepotvrzuje hypotézu, že byl nakonec donucen v květnu 1975 k odchodu z prezidentského křesla proti vlastní vůli; nebyl ani ve stavu, aby mohl tento akt vědomě učinit., a2_Snaha Gustáva Husáka obsadit prezidentský úřad průběžně narážela na otázku kumulace funkcí a nacionální faktor, přesto se mu díky centristické politice a podpoře Moskvy podařilo dosáhnout v této záležitosti „podivné jednoty“ ve vedení KSČ, takže se stal 29. května 1975 prvním a zároveň posledním československým prezidentem slovenské národnosti. V českých očích ovšem zůstával nadále Slovákem, jenž se výrazně podílel na neblahém procesu takzvané normalizace společnosti po srpnu 1968, zatímco pro slovenský národ se čím dál více stával odrodilcem, „pražským Slovákem“. Ke studii je připojena edice relevantních dokumentů a biogramy členů vedení KSČ, kteří o Husákově prezidentské volbě rozhodovali., b1_This article presents an analysis of Czechoslovak political history of the first half of the 1970s and the question of who would succeed General Ludvík Svoboda (1895-1979) as Czechoslovak President. The emphasis is on the role of Gustáv Husák (1913-1991), who emerged from the political crisis of 1968-69 as the most powerful actor, and was, at the 14th Congress of the Czechoslovak Communist Party, confirmed as General Secretary of the Party. Using Soviet archives, the author points to differences between the individual members of the Party leadership, and particularly to the lack of unity amongst the so-called ‘healthy forces’. According to him, it is fair to talk about the disintegration of this bloc, which had been formed during the Prague Spring, into several smaller groups. The secretary of the Central Committee of the Czechoslovak Communist Party, Vasil Biľak (1917-2014), was, in consequence of this and Soviet pressure, forced to abandon any ambitions to stand at the head of the Party, and had to be satisfied, instead, with the position of Number Two in the Party. The Soviet leadership derived social stability in Czechoslovakia from the firmness of the Czechoslovak Communist Party leadership, and in particular counted on the collaboration of Husák and Biľak, and it made this clear to both men. Svoboda’s failing health prevented him from properly discharging his duties as President of Czechoslovakia, but he did not even try to hold on to the presidency, even though, in the interest of political stability, he was confirmed in office in March 1973, and remained something of a temporary solution. The article does not seek to challenge or confirm the hypothesis that he was forced to step down in May 1975; although, in any event, Svoboda was in no condition to have taken this step himself., b2_Husák’s efforts to become President kept running up against the question of the accumulation of offices and also the Czech-Slovak national factor, even though, thanks to centrist Czechoslovak policy and support from Moscow, he succeeded in achieving a ‘peculiar unity’ over this question in the CPCz leadership, so that on 29 May 1975 he became the first, and also the last, Czechoslovak President who was a Slovak. In Czech eyes, however, he remained a Slovak who had, after August 1968, considerably participated in the unfortunate re-imposition of hard-line Communism known as ‘normalization’, whereas for the Slovak nation he increasingly became a turncoat, a ‘Prague Slovak’. The article is followed by a number of relevant documents and biographical sketches of the Party members who were decisive in Husák’s election to the presidency., and Michal Macháček.