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2. Austria and the Near East: Metternich´s foreign policy during the Second Meḥmed cAlī Crisis, 1839-41
- Creator:
- Šedivý, Miroslav
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Austria and Metternich
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Relying on thorough examination of relevant archival material, this paper analyzes the attitudes and behavior of the Austrian Chancellor Metternich during the second Meḥmed cAlī crisis from 1839-1841, which arose from the antagonism between Sultan Maḥmūd II and his powerful Egyptian vassal, Meḥmed cAlī. The object of this study is not simply an analysis of Austrian diplomacy. Attention is also paid to Metternich’s attitude towards the Ottoman reform movement, his “church policy” in the spring of 1841, and the false and frequently repeated accusation by then French historians that he was the instigator of Mustafa Reshīd Pasha’s fall at the end of March in 1841.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3. Canningia spinidentis gen. et sp. n. (Protista: Microspora), a new pathogen of the fir bark beetle Pityokteines spinidens
- Creator:
- Weiser, J., Wegensteiner, R., and Žižka, Z.
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- Microspora, Canningia, bark beetle, Pityokteines, Austria, and Unikaryon
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Canningia spinidentis gen. et sp. n. infects the fir bark beetle Pityokteines spinidens Rtt. in Austria. The pathogen attacks mainly the fat body, Malpighian tubules, the muscles and the connective tissue of larvae and adults, and the gonads of adults. The development is haplokaryotic, with single spores. Spores are short tubular, uninucleate, with globular anchoring disc inserted subapically, laterally, in a depression of the endospore wall. Polar filament is isofilar, with 5/6 coils. Polaroplast is composed of two lamellar parts of different density. A new genus Canningia gen. n. is proposed based on differences in ultrastmc-tures of spores from Unikaryon Canning, Barker, Hammond et Nicholas, 1974.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
4. Chceme zdravou Evropu
- Creator:
- Marina Hužvárová
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Věda. Všeobecnosti. Základy vědy a kultury. Vědecká práce, mezinárodní konference, zdraví, zdravotní politika, international conferences, health, health policy, Rakousko, Austria, 12, and 00
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Opportunities and risks following current European elections and maintaining and improving the health of citizens in EU countries was a major theme of the EHFG annual conference in October in Gastein, Austria. The Ebola crisis in six African nations, with about 14,000 reported cases and 4,900 deaths, was another topic of discussion by the 600 leading experts in attendance. The World Health Organization states 4.7 million people could be infected and 1.2 million people could die from Ebola by June 2015. The crisis is not just an epidemic, it is a systemic failure of our global health care model, according to experts. Moreover, it is a failure on governance, international development assistance, but primarily on the failure to take immediate action. and Marina Hužvárová.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
5. Chromosome numbers and breeding systems in some species of Hieracium subgen. Pilosella from Central Europe
- Creator:
- Rotreklová, Olga, Krahulcová, Anna, Vaňková, Danuše, Peckert, Tomáš, and Mráz, Patrik
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Compositae, karyology, ploidy level, reproduction mode, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Slovenia, Germany, Hungary, Austria, and Ukraine
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Chromosome numbers are given for 16 taxa (and one interspecific hybrid) of Hieracium subgen. Pilosella originating from Central Europe: H. apatelium Nägeli et Peter (2n = 45), H. aurantiacum L. (2n = 36), H. bauhini Besser (2n = 36, 45, 54), H. brachiatum Bertol. ex DC. (2n = 45, 48, 63, 72), H. densiflorum Tausch (2n = 36), H. echioides Lumn. (2n = 18, 27, 36), H. floribundum Wimm. et Grab. (2n = 36, 45), H. glomeratum Froel. (2n = 36, 45), H. guthnickianum Hegetschw. (2n = 54), H. lactucella Wallr. (2n = 18), H. onegense (Norrl.) Norrl. (2n = 18), H. pilosella L. (2n = 36, 45, 54), H. piloselliflorum Nägeli et Peter (2n = 36, 45), H. piloselloides Vill. (2n = 36), H. rothianum Wallr. (2n = 36), H. schultesii F. W. Schultz (2n = 45), and the hybrid H. floribundum × H. aurantiacum (2n = 36). New chromosome numbers are reported for H. brachiatum and H. floribundum. The octoploid cytotype (2n = 72), recorded in H. brachiatum, is the highest ploidy level ever found in plants from the subgen. Pilosella originating from the field. Aneuploidy, rare in this subgenus in Europe, occurs in this hybridogenous species as well: it was recorded in one plant (2n = 48) collected in a hybrid swarm H. pilosella × H. bauhini. The breeding system in H. bauhini, H. brachiatum, H. densiflorum, H. echioides, H. pilosella, H. piloselloides, and H. rothianum was studied. The sexual reproduction of pentaploid H. pilosella is a new observation: it means an increase of diversity in possible reproduction modes of those cytotypes having odd chromosome numbers.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
6. Dry grasslands in the Western Carpathians and the northern Pannonian Basin: a numerical classification
- Creator:
- Dúbravková, Daniela, Chytrý, Milan, Willner, Wolfgang, Illyés, Eszter, Janišová, Monika, and Kállayné Szerényi, Júlia
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Austria, Bromo pannonici-Festucion pallentis, Czech Republic, Festucion valesiacae, Hungary, Koelerio-Phleion phleoidis, TWINSPAN, Slovakia, steppe vegetation, and syntaxonomy
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A syntaxonomical revision of dry grasslands of the alliances Bromo pannonici-Festucion pallentis, Festucion valesiacae and Koelerio-Phleion phleoidis (class Festuco-Brometea) in the natural biogeographical region of the Western Carpathians and northern Pannonian Basin is presented. A geographically stratified data set of 2686 relevés from the south-eastern Czech Republic, northeastern Austria, Slovakia and northern Hungary was divided into 25 clusters using a modified TWINSPAN algorithm. The proposed classification simplifies and unifies the previous syntaxonomical systems, which differ in these four countries. Main environmental gradients responsible for variation in species composition of theses grasslands were revealed by detrended correspondence analysis and interpreted using indicator values. The major pattern of variation reflects soil nutrient availability and moisture, which are negatively correlated with soil reaction.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
7. Effects of Changes in Tax/Benefit Policies in Austria 2003-2005
- Creator:
- Fuchs, Michael and Lietz, Christine
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- policy reform, micro-simulation, income inequality, redistribution, and Austria
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The aim of this paper is to evaluate whether policy reforms in Austria between 2003 and 2005 were successful in meeting redistributive objectives and in reducing poverty. The authors use the tax/benefit micro-simulation model EUROMOD for this analysis. In the period under review the 2004-2005 tax reform was introduced and contributions to health insurance were raised. On the benefit side no major changes took place, the main family benefits were not even indexed to inflation. The authors find that the measures had no significant impact on poverty and income distribution. However, in total they increased the disposable income of almost all groups of the population.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
8. Esencialismus a demokracie: k jedné linii ''rakouského'' myšlení
- Creator:
- Vlastimil Hála
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- dějiny vědy, myšlení, kultura, demokracie, esencialismus (filozofie), history of science, thought and thinking, culture, democracy, essentialism (philosophy), Rakousko, Austria, 8, and 93/94
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Feichtingerova kniha náleží do oblasti kulturně-politických dějin vědy a sleduje v časovém rozmezí téměř celého století jistou linii, jež tvoří jeden z podstatných rysů „rakouského“ (v teritoriálním významu habsburské monarchie) myšlení a kultury. Touto linií - a také přístupem, s nímž se autor názorově ztotožňuje - je antiesencialismus ve smyslu skepse vůči myšlenkovým konstruktům vydávaným za uchopení podstaty určitých jevů. Klíčovou tezí, kterou se pak autor snaží prokázat, je afinita mezi tímto filozoficko-vědeckým postojem a demokratickým smýšlením i praxí. Toto sepětí dokládá u význačných osobností, jako je právní historik a teroretik Hans Kelsen, zakladatel psychoanalýzy Sigmund Freud, filozofové Ludwig Wittgenstein a Ernst Mach nebo historik umění Alois Riegl. Recenzent formuluje námitky vůči příliš jednoznačné interpretaci této teze (autor například ignoruje Tomáše Garrigua Masaryka, který do jeho schématu nezapadá), monografii však hodnotí jako obdivuhodný pokus tematizovat a interpretačně zvládnout obrovské množství různorodého materiálu, který může být inspirativní i tím, jak integruje české myšlení do širšího transnacionálního kontextu., The book under review, a cultural-political history of science and scholarship, covers almost a century of a line that constitutes one of the fundamental features of ‘Austrian’ ideas and culture (meaning those originating in the territory of the Habsburg Monarchy). This line - and also the approach that the author himself identifies with - is anti-essentialism in the sense of scepticism towards mental constructs that are presented as having captured the essence of certain phenomena. A key argument that the author then seeks to demonstrate is the affinity between this philosophical-scientific attitude and democratic thought and practice. He demonstrates this affinity in important figures, such as the jurist, legal philosopher, and political philosopher Hans Kelsen, the neurologist and father of psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud, the philosophers Ludwig Wittgenstein and Ernst Mach, and the art historian Alois Riegl. The reviewer objects to what he sees as an overly clear-cut interpretation of this idea (the author fails to mention, for example, Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, for he does not fit into this scheme), but he praises the book as an admirable attempt to thematize and interpret a vast amount of diverse material, and it may therefore be an inspiration for the way it integrates Czech ideas into the broader transnational context., [autor recenze] Vlastimil Hála., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
9. Factors controlling alterations in the performance of a runoff model in changing climate conditions
- Creator:
- Sleziak, Patrik, Ján, Hlavčová, Doris, Duethmann, Doris, Parajka, Juraj, and Danko, Michal
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- climate change, efficiency of runoff model, TUW model, regression trees, and Austria
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- In many Austrian catchments in recent decades an increase in the mean annual air temperature and precipitation has been observed, but only a small change in the mean annual runoff. The main objective of this paper is (1) to analyze alterations in the performance of a conceptual hydrological model when applied in changing climate conditions and (2) to assess the factors and model parameters that control these changes. A conceptual rainfall-runoff model (the TUW model) was calibrated and validated in 213 Austrian basins from 1981–2010. The changes in the runoff model’s efficiency have been compared with changes in the mean annual precipitation and air temperature and stratified for basins with dominant snowmelt and soil moisture processes. The results indicate that while the model’s efficiency in the calibration period has not changed over the decades, the values of the model’s parameters and hence the model’s performance (i.e., the volume error and the runoff model’s efficiency) in the validation period have changed. The changes in the model’s performance are greater in basins with a dominant soil moisture regime. For these basins, the average volume error which was not used in calibration has increased from 0% (in the calibration periods 1981–1990 or 2001–2010) to 9% (validation period 2001–2010) or –8% (validation period 1981–1990), respectively. In the snow-dominated basins, the model tends to slightly underestimate runoff volumes during its calibration (average volume error = –4%), but the changes in the validation periods are very small (i.e., the changes in the volume error are typically less than 1–2%). The model calibrated in a colder decade (e.g., 1981–1990) tends to overestimate the runoff in a warmer and wetter decade (e.g., 2001–2010), particularly in flatland basins. The opposite case (i.e., the use of parameters calibrated in a warmer decade for a colder, drier decade) indicates a tendency to underestimate runoff. A multidimensional analysis by regression trees showed that the change in the simulated runoff volume is clearly related to the change in precipitation, but the relationship is not linear in flatland basins. The main controlling factor of changes in simulated runoff volumes is the magnitude of the change in precipitation for both groups of basins. For basins with a dominant snowmelt runoff regime, the controlling factors are also the wetness of the basins and the mean annual precipitation. For basins with a soil moisture regime, landcover (forest) plays an important role.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
10. Karyotypes of central European spiders of the genera Arctosa, Tricca, and Xerolycosa (Araneae: Lycosidae)
- Creator:
- Dolejš, Petr, Kořínková, Tereza, Musilová, Jana, Opatová, Věra, Kubcová, Lenka, Buchar, Jan, and Král, Jiří
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, entomologie, Česko, Rakousko, Czechia, Austria, Lycosidae, spiders, karyotype, sex chromosomes, meiosis, constitutive heterochromatin, nucleolar organizer region, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The aim of this study was to characterize karyotypes of central European spiders of the genera Arctosa, Tricca, and Xerolycosa (Lycosidae) with respect to the diploid chromosome number, chromosome morphology, and sex chromosomes. Karyotype data are reported for eleven species, six of them for the first time. For selected species the pattern in the distributions of the constitutive heterochromatin and the nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) was determined. The silver staining technique for detecting NORs of lycosid spiders was standardized. The male karyotype consisted of 2n = 28 (Arctosa and Tricca) or 2n = 22 (Xerolycosa) acrocentric chromosomes. The sex chromosome system was X1X20 in all species. The sex chromosomes of T. lutetiana and X. nemoralis showed unusual behaviour during late diplotene, namely temporary extension due to decondensation. C-banding technique revealed a small amount of constitutive heterochromatin at the centromeric region of the chromosomes. Two pairs of autosomes bore terminal NORs. Differences in karyotypes among Arctosa species indicate that the evolution of the karyotype in this genus involved autosome translocations and size changes in the sex chromosomes. Based on published results and those recorded in this study it is suggested that the ancestral male karyotype of the superfamily Lycosoidea consisted of 28 acrocentric chromosomes. and Petr DOLEJŠ, Tereza KOŘÍNKOVÁ, Jana MUSILOVÁ, Věra OPATOVÁ, Lenka KUBCOVÁ, Jan BUCHAR, Jiří KRÁL.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
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