x, Isnt current psychoanalytical and psychotherapeutic al effort to support internal change of the client the analogy of old effort to transformation? Would you consider such method to something other than a spiritual effort to spiritua l growth around 150 years ago? Wouldnt one have seen it as spiritual practice? The lecture attempts to recognize and name "Concept s from elsewhere" - psychotherapeutical concepts "borrowed" from another, more original - s piritual context. With help of this paradigm author looks at concepts such as: attention, presen ce, alertness, memory, freedom, relationship, and some typical concepts and contents of psychothe rapy such as transference, act and dream. He tries to understand why the other / similarly es sential concepts / were on included. For example penance and sacrifice. In conclusion, he returns to psychoanalysis, his ba sic approach, and context of its origin. He is trying to identify why psychoanalysis - the "indivi dualist vision" remained "distanct" to religious content. And he meditates why and how Jun gian psychoanalysis /the second approach of the author / completes this essential "gestalt", and Šikl, J.
Cíl: Užívání radiologických metod patří neodmyslitelně k diagnostice a terapii urolitiázy. Zatímco radiační zátěž vyšetřovacích metod je obecně známá, nalezli jsme pouze malé množství článků, které se věnují problematice radiační zátěže spojené s terapií samotnou. Cílem práce bylo stanovit efektivní dávku absorbovanou pacientem v průběhu vyšetření. Materiál a metody: V retrospektivním souboru 250 pacientů ošetřených v období srpen 2011–únor 2015 perkutánní nefrolitotrypsí (PNL) na našem pracovišti jsme dohledali potřebné údaje a vypočítali povrchovou kermu pro pacienta a efektivní dávku absorbovanou v průběhu vyšetření. Výsledky: V průběhu jednotlivých let se naměřené hodnoty statisticky významně nemění, v celém souboru při průměrném čase skiaskopie 214 s (rozmezí 2–750 s) nabývá průměrná povrchová kerma hodnot 89,5 mGy a absorbovaná dávka 3,52 mSv (rozmezí 0,04–13,2 mSv). Celková absorbovaná dávka za sekundu je 0,017±0,0035 mSv/s. Závěr: Zjištěné hodnoty nepřesahují stanovenou místní referenční úroveň. Z hlediska radiační hygieny průměrné výkony dosahují řádově dávky pro běžně užívané vyšetřovací metody (CT břicha nativně, vylučovací urografie). Míra expozice operatéra a personálu operačních sálů není nadlimitní s ohledem na radiační hygienické normy. Cílem každého urologa musí být snižování radiační zátěže na nejnižší možnou úroveň., X-ray examinations are common in urological practice, especially in diagnosis and treatment of urinary stones. Although radiation doses of diagnostic methods are generally well known, only a few articles related to radiation doses during therapy have been published. The aim of this work is to calculate radiation exposure, absorbed doses and dose rates of fluoroscopy during percutaneous nephrolitotomy (PNL). In retrospective group of 250 patients who underwent PNL in our department from September 2011 to February 2015 we analyse data and calculate superficial air kerma and effective doses during surgery. There are no statistically significant differences between single year data. Median fluoroscopy time was 214 seconds (range 2 to 750) with exposure of 89.5 mGy and effective dose 3.52mSv (range 0.04 to 13.2 mSv). The mean effective dose rate is 0.017 ± 0.0035 mSv per second. Fluoroscopy is safe and we don´t exceed local dose limit references. Patients are exposed to an average 3.16 mSv during PNL, similar to noncontrast CT or intravenous urogram. Although radiation exposure for surgeon and operating theatre staff doesn´t exceed safe limits, urologists must be aware and decrease radiation exposure to as low as possible., Pavel Tolinger, Aleš Petřík, Petr Berkovský, and Literatura
Východiska: Východiskem výzkumného šetření byla Psychologická studie motivů pozdního rodičovství autorky Ireny Bímové. Cíl: Hlavním cílem výzkumného šetření bylo zjistit důvody oddálení narození prvního dítěte u matek po 35. roce. Metody: Výběrovým kritériem pro zařazení do výběrového souboru byl věk primipary 35 let a více. Jako technika sběru dat byl použit polostrukturovaný dotazník vlastní konstrukce. Počet respondentů byl 92. Data byla získávána na gynekologicko-porodnických a novorozeneckých odděleních v období od ledna 2013 do ledna 2014. K analýze získaných dat byl použit Fischerův přesný test. Výsledky: Nejčastějším důvodem oddálení narození prvního dítěte u matek po 35. roce byl výběr vhodného partnera. Tuto variantu uvádí 42,4 % matek. Druhým nejčastějším důvodem byly problémy s otěhotněním u 32,6 % matek. Součástí výzkumu bylo zpětné pozitivní a negativní hodnocení věku matek při narození prvního dítěte po 35. roce. Zpětně hodnotilo pozitivně věk porodu 45,7 % žen, negativně hodnotilo věk 54,3 % žen. Ženy, které zpětně hodnotily věk porodu 1. dítěte negativně, uvedly signifikantně častěji jako důvod oddálení porodu „Problémy s otěhotněním“ (p = 0,014). Ženy, které zpětně hodnotily věk porodu 1. dítěte pozitivně, uvedly signifikantně častěji jako důvod oddálení porodu „Preferenci nezávislého způsobu života“ (p = 0,039). Závěry: Důvody oddálení narození prvního dítěte v pozdějším věku spadají zejména do oblasti sociální, psychologické a zdravotní. Výzkum může vést k zamyšlení nad problematikou trendu pozdního rodičovství. Může podnítit diskusi o rizicích a benefitech pozdního rodičovství., Background: Background of research was Psychological studies of late parenthood motives author Irena Bímová. Aim: e aim of the research was to determine the reasons for postponing the first birth for mothers aer 35 years of age. Methods: e group selection criterion was a primipara age 35 and more. A semi-structured questionnaire of an original design was used to collect the research data. e number of respondents was 92. Data were obtained on obstetric and neonatal departments from January 2013 to January 2014. To analyze the data was used Fisher's exact test. Results: e most frequent reason for birth postponement amongst mothers aged 35 and more was the search for a suitable partner. is option was selected by 42.4% mothers. e second most frequent answer involved issues with conception, this being reported by 32.6% mothers. Additionally, the survey research included a retrospective positive or negative evaluation of the mothers’ age when they had their first child aer the age of 35. In retrospect, the age for the first birth was seen positively by 45.7% women and negatively by 54.3% women. Women evaluating the age for the first birth negatively significantly more oen reported the reason „Problems with conception“ (p = 0.014). Women evaluating the age for the first birth positively significantly more oen reported „A preference of an independent way of life“ as the reason behind their birth postponement (p = 0.039). Conclusions: e reasons for birth postponement of the first child amongst late mothers fell into the areas of social, psychological, and health-medical related issues. e research can lead up to reflection about postpo, and Radka Kozáková, Šárka Vévodová, Jiří Vévoda, Lukáš Merz
Článek v širším historickém kontextu pojednává o dlouhodobě připravované reformě zdravotnictví v Nizozemsku, která byla završena v roce 2006. Analyzuje příčiny, které k reformě vedly a seznamuje s reformní strategií a jejím postupem. S odstupem několika let mapuje dopady reformy na dostupnost zdravotní péče, chování poskytovatelů i zdravotních pojišťoven a na pacienty. Nastiňuje ekonomické důsledky reformy a některé etické souvislosti., The article is focused on the long-planned health care reform in the Netherlands completed in 2006 in a broader historical context. The aim of the text is: firstly, to analyse the causes of the reform and secondly, to discuss reform strategy as well as its progress. After several years since reforms implementation there are mapping their impact on the access to health care and behaviour of health providers, insurance companies and patients. The article outlines the economic consequences of the reform and some ethical issues., Helena Hnilicová, Karolína Dobiášová, and Literatura
We studied the relationship of connective tissue state with magnesium and hydroxyproline levels in blood and urine of young women with primary dysmenorrhea. Study showed that in girls with dysmenorrhea and phenomena of connective tissue dysplasia hydroxyproline level in urine was increased which was associated with increased degradation of collagen and decreased level of magnesium in blood serum. This should be noted in differentiated approach to the treatment of dysmenorrhea., Oltinoy Yakubova, and Literatura
Background and rationale of the study: Although Sharps injuries are a preventable hazard faced by medical personnel in the operating room yet it continues to be one of the hidden problems among HCP. The potential consequence of such injuries includes transmission of blood-borne pathogens with detrimental effects. Despite the advances in technology and increased awareness of medical staff, annually around 600 thousand to one million workers are affected thus considered as one of the most serious threats facing health care workers specially surgeon. Methodology: a cross sectional study of Zagazig University Hospitals surgical departments. Using a sample composed of 287 surgeons randomly chosen from different surgical departments. A questionnaire assessed in addition to personal and professional characteristics, the history of sharp injuries, types of instrument causing the injury, their post exposure prophylaxis including reporting. Results: There were total 287 surgeons participated in this study (47%) of the respondent surgeons had been exposed to at least one episode of sharp injury in the preceding 3 months and most of the exposures (68%) occurred in the operation room. The injury was mainly caused during suturing (83%). The commonest devices, accused in most of the injuries were suturing needle and scalpel (74 and 59%). The majority of the surgeons (62%) didn’t report the SI and it was largely explained by the majority of the sampled respondents (89%) were not aware of the reporting system existing in their hospital. Conclusions: The most common reason of underreporting in our study was the lack of awareness that all injuries must be reported. Recommendations: The observed high level of under reporting reflects the need for education on prevention. Our results can guide in planning an education program for the surgeons to increase awareness about dangers of sharp injuries and help improve the reporting strategy and other potential prevention interventions for of sharp injuries, Eman Mohamed Mortada, and Literatura
Background: Obstetric complications developing at antiphospholipid syndrome are serious medical-social problem. Seeking of the treatment methods sets conditions for urgency of the article reviewed. Enzyme preparations are widely applied for treatment of women with fecundity disorder and hemorheology changes. Research objective was in clinico-laboratorial evaluation of Serrata drug impact in antiphospholipid syndrome in women with reproductive losses of Andijan state. Methods: Data of 43 women in the non-pregnancy state with reproductive losses (RL) in past history with revealed APS had been studied by us. Results: Thus, conducted therapy with Serrata was conductive to haemostasis. Conducted researches confirm the safety of application. Background. Main issues of treatment of patients with cicatricial stenosis of trachea (CST) are to increase its efficacy and safety, as well as to determine indications and contraindications for circular resection and reconstructive interventions on the trachea in patients with extended lesions of trachea, with stenoses involving subvocal cords part of larynx and well as multifocal narrowing of the trachea which could improve treatment results and quality of life of patients, to gain recovery and reduce disability and mortality. Material and methods. One hundred two patients aged from 11 to 62 years with CST were surgically treated. Stenotic site length in patients varied from 0,3 to 7 cm. Most frequently (64,2%), CST length of more than 2 cm was observed. In critical and decompensated stenosis with diameter of CST up to 5 mm with the threat of asphyxiation by the first stage we used endoscopic laser-and electric destruction of constriction followed by restricted zone bouging. If long-term rehabilitation was necessary and in case of absence of the conditions to the implementation of circular tracheal resection, we used tracheal stents. Circular resection of the trachea was performed in 24 patients. In case of contraindications, 28 patients underwent reconstructive plastic surgery with dissection the stenosis, excision of scar tissue and formation of trachea lumen in T-tube. After removing T-tube plasty of anterior tracheal wall and of soft tissues of the neck defects was performed using local tissues and grafts with microsurgical techniques., Otabek Eshonkhodjaev, Shukrat Khudaybergenov, Ortikali Irisov, Nasretdin Tursunov, and Literatura