Paliativní péče klade důraz na kvalitu života nemocného a saturaci jeho bio-psycho-sociálních a spirituálních potřeb. V zahraničí se používají nástroje pro hodnocení potřeb pacientů v onkologické či paliativní péči, které pomáhají zdravotnickým pracovníkům porozumět specifickým potřebám pacientů, které by mohly být předmětem profesionální individualizované péče. Cílem tohoto přehledového článku je analyzovat měřící nástroje pro hodnocení potřeb pacientů v paliativní péči, porovnat je s doporučenými postupy pro tvorbu měřících nástrojů v paliativní péči a s českou verzí dotazníku PNAP. V elektronických databázích (Medline, Scopus, Proquest Public Health a Web of Knowledge) bylo nalezeno a dále podrobněji analyzováno 12 měřících nástrojů. Český dotazník PNAP pokrývá velkou část nejčastěji měřených potřeb i doporučení plynoucích ze směrnic pro měření potřeb v paliativní péči, které byly vytvořeny na základě vědeckých důkazů., Palliative care emphasizes quality of life of the ill and the saturation of his bio-psycho-social and spiritual needs. Abroad are used tools for assessing needs of patients in oncological or palliative care, which helps to health workers to understand the specific needs of patients that could be subject to professional individualized care. The aim of this review is to analyse measuring tools for assessing needs of patients in palliative care, to compare them with recommended procedures for creation of measurement tools in palliative care and with Czech version of the questionnaire PNAP. In the electronic databases (Medline, Scopus, Proquest Public Health and Web of Knowledge) was recovered and further analysed in detail 12 measuring tools. Czech questionnaire PNAP covers a large part of most often measured needs and recommendations arising from the directives for the measurement of needs in palliative care, which were created on the basis of scientific evidence., Radka Bužgová, Lucie Sikorová, Radka Kozáková, Darja Jarošová, and Literatura
U 117 dětí s chorobami dýchacích cest byly sledovány hodnoty výdechového kysličníku dusnatého (eNO) v závislosti na expozici složkám výfukových plynů automobilové dopravy před nástupem léčebného pobytu v léčebně plicních onemocnění a po léčebném pobytu. U exponovaných dětí jsme zjistili významné zvýšení hodnot eNO. Po léčebném pobytu došlo ke statisticky významnému snížení těchto nálezů. Považujeme námi použitou neinvazivní metodu měření hodnot eNO za velmi prospěšnou pro hodnocení expozice škodlivinám životního prostředí., Exhalation values of nitric oxide (eNO) were recorded in a cohort of 117 children with diagnosed respiratory diseases, as defined by the exposure components of traffic emissions prior to, and after, in-patient therapy. A significant increase of eNO values was recorded in exposed children. Following in-patient therapy there was a statistically significant reduction associated findings. We consider this non-invasive method of measuring eNO values to be very beneficial for the evaluation of exposure to environmental pollutants., Josef Richter, Vladimír Svozil, Josef Mašláň, Rudolf Odehnal, Ludovít Filo, Miloš Verner, Vlastimil Král, and Literatura
Background: There are several environmental factors which influence the preschoolers psychomotor development and the most considerable ones are socioeconomic status and day cares learning&care environment. Aim of this study is to assess how the change of socioeconomic gradient and the quality of care environment influence the average and the differences in psychometric domains of ASQ3 in preschoolers. Method: We assessed the psychometric parameters of all preschoolers enrolled in some of day cares in Vlora city, Albania using the ASQ3. We also assessed the quality of care environment according to ECERSR and the socioeconomic status upon the fathers occupation. Results: In the end of this research we found that not only a considerable percentage of preschoolers included in this study have psychomotor delays, but also that these delays and the average of psychomotor development have a significant relationship with the environment factors, as socioeconomic status and care environment. Conclusions: Children development depends more on instructing capacities of kindergartens staff than mothers. So the public health workers should work more with mothers in this direction, focusing in the lowest socioeconomic classes., Aurela Saliaj, Ermira Kola, Lorena Lazaj, Majlinda Rakipaj, Emiljana Çorraj, and Literatura
We have analyzed human resources in healthcare of Kazakhstan over 19852011, and determined general trends and regularities. By the level of provision with physicians, Kazakhstan ranks as one of the leaders in the world, at the same time there have been a deficit of physicians in the Republic over the last 20 years, particularly in rural areas. As per its regions, there is an irregularity in the physicians provision rate: the most part of specialists is concentrated in cities Almaty and Astana, there is a deficit of physicians in the Almaty, Коstanai, NorthKazakhstan and Jambyl Oblasts. The effective use of human resources will enable to optimize expenditure for the public health and to improve the medical service quality., Aikan Аkanov, Тilek Меimanaliev, Аizhan Кyzayeva, Ainur Кumar, Gulzhakhan Kashafutdinova, and Literatura