In this article the author deals with the essentiality of corruption.
This text is intended to be a contribution to the debate on the
definition of corruption and clientelism. The author focuses on distinction between public and private sphere and tries to explain why corruption and clientelism are phenomena related only to the public one. In the other words: why “bribery” within private sphere
(for example within interaction between two employees of two private companies) cannot be considered as corruption in its meaning used in social sciences.
1., 2, Die Prüfung von Zuckerrübensorten in Mähren im Jahre 1922, Vergleichende Versuche über verschiedene Zuckerrübenstandweite in Mähren im Jahre 1922, Fr. Chmelař, Jar. Šimon und Fr. Mikolášek, and Sonder-Abdruck aus der "Zeitschrift für die Zuckerindustrie der čsl. Republik", Jahrg. XLVII. (IV) 1922/23, Heft 20-21, S. 270-287 u. Heft 48 S. 671-677, Heft 49 S. 683-694, Heft 50 S. 695-703 und Heft 51 S. 707-710
We verify functional a posteriori error estimate for obstacle problem proposed by Repin. Simplification into 1D allows for the construction of a nonlinear benchmark for which an exact solution of the obstacle problem can be derived. Quality of a numerical approximation obtained by the finite element method is compared with the exact solution and the error of approximation is bounded from above by a majorant error estimate. The sharpness of the majorant error estimate is discussed.
We verify functional a posteriori error estimates proposed by S. Repin for a class of obstacle problems in two space dimensions. New benchmarks with known analytical solution are constructed based on one dimensional benchmark introduced by P. Harasim and J. Valdman. Numerical approximation of the solution of the obstacle problem is obtained by the finite element method using bilinear elements on a rectangular mesh. Error of the approximation is measured by a functional majorant. The majorant value contains three unknown fields: a gradient field discretized by Raviart-Thomas elements, Lagrange multipliers field discretized by piecewise constant functions and a scalar parameter β. The minimization of the majorant value is realized by an alternate minimization algorithm, whose convergence is discussed. Numerical results validate two estimates, the energy estimate bounding the error of approximation in the energy norm by the difference of energies of discrete and exact solutions and the majorant estimate bounding the difference of energies of discrete and exact solutions by the value of the functional majorant.
The article presents results of the verification calculation of the method for the calculation of natural frequencies and mode shapes of a linear undamped rotationally periodic systems considering the possibility of the elimination of degrees of freedom. As the test example a thin circular plate was chosen. The method can be applied e.g. for the calculation of the natural vibration characteristics of the steam turbine bladed disks. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
At the modernization of the ŠKODA 22 Tr low-floor articulated trolleybus a different type of an articulated joint and a different type of driving axles were used in its construction besides other changes. During test drives with the modernized trolleybus, which were focused on the driving stability of the vehicle, a large roll of the rear section appeared. A suitable structural solution for reducing the rear section roll angle of the modernized trolleybus was the using of a rear section stabilizer bar. The stabilizer effect on dynamic properties of the vehicle and a suitable bar diameter were determined on the basis of the results of the computer simulations with the trolleybus multibody models. The text drives focused on the vehicle driving stability were performed again with the loaded real trolleybus, in the structure of which the designed rear section stabilizer bar was applied. On the basis of computer simulations of the test drives with the trolleybus multibody models the correctness of the experimantal-simulation approach used for the stabilizer bar structural design was verified. and Obsahuje seznam literatury