Článek shrnuje nejvýznamnější výsledky studia vlastností látek při působení extrémně vyokých tlaků posledních dvou až tří desetiletí. Přes zřejmou experimentální náročnost studia bylo takovým tlakům v uplynulých letech vystaveno velmi široké spekturm látek - od nejjednodušších chemických prvků až po složité biologické materiály. Pojednáváme zde jak o fundamentálních aspektech výzkumu silně stlačených látek, tak o jeho aplikacích v různých vědních oborech - od planetologie až k potravinářství., The short review collects the most important results, from up to the last three decades, on the study of properties of extremely compressed matters. Despite the evident complexities of high pressure experiments, a very wide spectrum of materials have been subjected to extreme compression - starting from light chemical elements up to very complex biological compounds. This review deals with fundamental aspects of the studies as well as their application in different domains - from planetology to food science., Jiří Kamarád., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
((Introduction) We present the first results of a statistical study on the milliarcsec structure in a complete sample of active radio galaxies. Many works have been published on properties of VLBI cores in quasars, but no similar studies have been carried on for galaxies.
We adopted a 2-stage strategy for the observations. As a first step, we took a snapshot of all the selected sources, in,order to have an indication on the size and flux of the milliarcsecond component. We present here these first observations. As a second stage, we pian to map with better sensitivity and u-v coverage all the detected sources.
The purpose of this work was to detect groundwater pollution and to identify the conditions of soil and groundwater near the coal waste disposal "Panewniki" Halemba-Wirek Coal Mine using geoelectrical measurements. The firs t applied method was the VLF (Very Low Frequency) technique. This method, using military signals, allowed to perform the in-phase and the quadrature maps. Data were collected from four study areas located near the coal waste dump. Observed anomalies on both maps for each area showed places with different conductivity al lowed to detect the contaminated and uncontaminated zones. The VLF survey indicated that the contamination occurs in the eastern part of study area and is characterized by positive values of both measured electrical fields (the in-phase and the quadrature components). After preliminary contaminated zones were recognized using VLF met hod, an electrical imaging meth od was applied. Two electrical imaging profiles were carried out near the waste dump. The measurements a llowed to create the geoele ctrical model of surrounding area and to investigate the leachate plume. The electrical imaging showed that the greatest pollution occur in the area immediately adjacent to the coal waste what is confirmed by VL F survey. Based on the geological and ge ophysical knowledge from archives and on present researches, the contaminated aquifer with electrical resistivity of 5 to 15 Ω m deposited at depths of 3 to 7 m was found., Arlena Kowalska, Marta Kondracka and Maciej Jan Mendecki., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Vlha pestrá (Merops apiaster) je teplomilný ptačí druh uzpůsobený k lovu hmyzu. Proto patří k obyvatelům převážně subtropických a tropických oblastí, ale v opakovaných vlnách osídlovala i různá místa střední Evropy. Postupná expanze druhu probíhá i v České republice. Článek popisuje možnosti podpory hnízdění vlhy pestré na příkladu mokřadu Betlém na jižní Moravě., Merops apiaster is a termophilic insectivorous bird species. Hence it primarily inhabits subtropical and tropical regions, but it has also repeatedly settled in various Central European sites. The species is also gradually expanding in the Czech Republic. This article describes the possibility of supporting bee-eater nesting based on the example of the Betlém wetlands in southern Moravia., and Miroslav Šebela.
By analysis of the dependence of longitudinal spherical aberration on the numerical aperture, it is possible to find such values of the numerical aperture, where the aberration is zero. Such values of the numerical aperture are called correction zones. The work theoretically analyses the described problem and equations are derived for expression of wave aberration coefficients using correction zones for spherical aberration of the third and fifth order. There was done an analysis of optimal values of correction zones and optimal position of the centre of reference sphere using derived equations. This analysis was done for the case when we require the fulfilment of the Strehl ratio. Finally, there was done the relation for calculation of correction zones for optical system having identical position of the optimal image plane for two values of the F-number. and Analýzou závislosti podélné sférické aberace na numerické apertuře je možno nalézt takové hodnoty numerické apertury, pro které je aberace nulová. Tyto hodnoty numerické apertury nazýváme korekční zóny. Práce teoreticky analyzuje popsaný problém a jsou zde odvozeny, pomocí korekčních zón, vztahy pro aberační koeficienty sférické aberace třetího a pátého řádu. Je provedena analýza pro výpočet optimálních hodnot korekčních zón a optimální polohy středu referenční sféry. Tato analýza je provedena na základě Strehlovy definice. V závěru práce jsou odvozeny vztahy pro výpočet korekčních zón pro optický systém mající identickou polohu optimální obrazové roviny pro dvě hodnoty clonového čísla.
The author analyzes the influence of the EU enlargement on women's and feminist NGOs and women's groups in the Czech Republic. She identifies main proceeding changes in non-governmental sphere and civic mobilization which are analyzed as consequences of Czech Republic's accession to the EU. Namely she discuss processes of professionalization - hence establishment of professional women's and feminist NGOs and development of political lobby; processes of developing of project-orientation - it reflects the necessity to apply for grants largely in EU to finance operation of organizations. Finally she identifies processes of acceptation of reform-orientation of women's NGOs in the Czech Republic - which means orientation on mainstream issues that are encouraged by EU policies. As a result of these changes some small and marginal NGOs disappeared and others were determined to make strategic partnership across the thematic focus.