E. Prisner in his book Graph Dynamics defines the k-path-step operator on the class of finite graphs. The k-path-step operator (for a positive integer k) is the operator S' k which to every finite graph G assigns the graph S' k(G) which has the same vertex set as G and in which two vertices are adjacent if and only if there exists a path of length k in G connecting them. In the paper the trees and the unicyclic graphs fixed in the operator S' 3 are studied.
The insertion of mouse renin gene (Ren-2) into the genome of
normotensive rats causes a spontaneous rise of blood pressure
(BP), leading to an angiotensin II (Ang II)-dependent form of
hypertension in transgenic (mRen-2)27 rats (TGR). However,
enhanced sympathetic BP component was demonstrated in
heterozygous TGR aged 20 weeks. In the present study we used
another model, i.e. Cyp1a1-Ren-2 transgenic rats (iTGR) in which
hypertension can be induced by natural xenobiotic indole-3
carbinol (I3C) added to the diet. We investigated whether the
development of high blood pressure (BP) in 5-month-old iTGR
animals fed I3C diet for 10 days is solely due to enhanced
Ang II-dependent vasoconstriction or whether enhanced
sympathetic vasoconstriction also participates in BP maintenance
in this form of hypertension. Using acute sequential blockade of
renin-angiotensin system (RAS), sympathetic nervous system
(SNS) and NO synthase (NOS) we have demonstrated that the
observed gradual increase of BP in iTGR fed I3C diet was entirely
due to the augmentation of Ang II-dependent BP component
without significant changes of sympathetic BP component. Thus,
the hypertension in iTGR resembles to that of homozygous TGR
in which high BP was entirely dependent on Ang II-dependent
vasoconstriction. Moreover, our measurements of acute BP
response to Rho kinase inhibitor fasudil in animals subjected to
a combined blockade of RAS, SNS and NOS indicated the
attenuation of basal calcium sensitization in both iTGR and
homozygous TGR.
The aim of our study was to examine the direct influence of plant polyphenol resveratrol and oil-related environmental contaminant benzene on ovarian hormone release, as well as the ability of resveratrol to prevent the effect of benzene. Porcine ovarian granulosa cells were cultured with and without resveratrol (0, 1,10 or 100 ug/ml) alone or in combination with 0.1% benzene. The release of progesterone, oxytocin and prostaglandin F was measured by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Benzene promoted the release of progesterone, oxytocin and prostaglandin F. Resveratrol, when given alone, stimulated both progesterone and prostaglandin F, but not the oxytocin output. Moreover, resveratrol prevented and even inverted the stimulatory action of benzene on all analysed hormones. These observations demonstrate the direct influence of both benzene and resveratrol on porcine ovarian hormone release, as well as the ability of resveratrol to prevent the benzene action on the ovary.
The active magnetic bearing control through analytically designed linear PD regulator, with parallel nonlinear compensation represented by automatic approximator is described in this contribution. Coefficient (parameter) values come from actions of Continuous Action Reinforcement Learning Automata (CARLAs). Modified algorithm for automata implementation is used which continuously updates learning parameters according to former learning process. The goal of this on-line training is formulated as achievement of minimum mean square of control error. Described concept of control is proved by simulation study. It is shown that the significant improvement of whole system behavior can be achieved. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The activity of antioxidant enzymes, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and catalase (CAT), as well as that of the mitochondrial FAD-dependent a-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (a-GPD) in the rat interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) were studied after the treatment with methimazole (MMI) for three weeks or with iopanoic acid (IOP) for five days. Besides, the mitochondrial concentration of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) and the activity of catecholamine degrading enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO) in the IBAT as well as the activity of the catecholamine synthesizing enzyme, dopamine b-hydroxylase (DBH) in rat serum were examined. Judging by the significantly enhanced level of serum DBH, which is an index of sympathetic activity, and that of IBAT MAO, the increase in MnSOD and CAT activities in the IBAT of hypothyroid (MMI-treated) rats seems to be due to elevated activity of sympathetic nervous system (SNS). However, CuZnSOD activity is not affected by SNS. On the contrary, IOP, which is a potent inhibitor of T4 deiodination into T3 producing "local" hypothyroidism, did not change either SNS activity or activities of IBAT antioxidant enzyme. However, both treatments significantly decreased IBAT UCP-1 content and a-GPD activity suggesting that the optimal T3 concentration in the IBAT is necessary for maintaining basal levels of these key mitochondrial parameters., N. Petrović, G. Cvijić V. Davidović., and Obsahuje bibliografii
A transit function $R$ on a set $V$ is a function $R\:V\times V\rightarrow 2^{V}$ satisfying the axioms $u\in R(u,v)$, $R(u,v)=R(v,u)$ and $R(u,u)=\lbrace u\rbrace $, for all $u,v \in V$. The all-paths transit function of a connected graph is characterized by transit axioms.
In this paper we define the ap-Denjoy integral and show that the ap-Denjoy integral is equivalent to the ap-Henstock integral and the integrals are equal.
The note is related to a recently published paper J. M. Park, J. J. Oh, C.-G. Park, D. H. Lee: The AP-Denjoy and AP-Henstock integrals. Czech. Math. J. 57 (2007), 689–696, which concerns a descriptive characterization of the approximate Kurzweil-Henstock integral. We bring to attention known results which are stronger than those contained in the aforementioned work. We show that some of them can be formulated in terms of a derivation basis defined by a local system of which the approximate basis is known to be a particular case. We also consider the relation between the $\sigma $-finiteness of variational measure generated by a function and the classical notion of the generalized bounded variation.