We establish necessary and sufficient conditions under which the linear span of positive AM-compact operators (in the sense of Fremlin) from a Banach lattice $E$ into a Banach lattice $F$ is an order $\sigma $-complete vector lattice.
By a commutative term we mean an element of the free commutative groupoid $F$ of infinite rank. For two commutative terms $a$, $b$ write $a\le b$ if $b$ contains a subterm that is a substitution instance of $a$. With respect to this relation, $F$ is a quasiordered set which becomes an ordered set after the appropriate factorization. We study definability in this ordered set. Among other things, we prove that every commutative term (or its block in the factor) is a definable element. Consequently, the ordered set has no automorphisms except the identity.
Nearly 60 years has elapsed since the first isolation and identification of 7α-hydroxy-dehydroepiandrosterone, and in that time much information has been gained on its occurrence, metabolism, ontogeny, immunomodulatory activity, cell proliferation, cortisol control in local tissues and neuroactivity. Additional knowledge about this steroid may elucidate its role in obesity, neurodegenerative disturbances such as Alzheimer’s disease, or psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia or depression. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the available literature on 7α-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone., L. Stárka., and Obsahuje bibliografii
There is considerable evidence linking alcohol consumption and sedation and TRH in the brain septum. Moreover, innate septal TRH concentration is inversely related to the degree of ethanol preference. Recently we demonstrated in rats that four-week ethanol drinking increased the septal TRH content by 50 %. We had shown previously that ethanol induces neuronal swelling, which is known to evoke the secretion of hormones, peptides and amino acids from various types of cells. We have therefore explored the effect of hyposmotic medium and of 80 and 160 mM ethanol and 80 mM urea (both permeant molecules) in isosmotic and hyperosmotic (preventing cell swelling) media on the in vitro release of TRH by the rat septum. Lowering medium osmolarity resulted in a hyposmolarity-related increase in TRH secretion. Both ethanol and urea stimulated TRH release only in isosmolar solution. Our data indicate that ethanol in clinically relevant concentrations can induce TRH release from the septum by a mechanism involving neuronal swelling., J. Kučeorvá, V. Štrbák., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are the pacemaker cells in the gut. They have special properties that make them unique in their ability to generate and propagate slow waves in gastrointestinal muscles. The electrical slow wave activity determines the characteristic frequency of phasic contractions of the stomach, intestine and colon. Slow waves also determine the direction and velocity of propagation of peristaltic activity, in concert with the enteric nervous system. Characterization of receptors and ion channels in the ICC membrane is under way, and manipulation of slow wave activity markedly alters the movement of contents through the gut. Gastric myoelectrical slow wave activity produced by pacemaker cells (ICC) can be reflected by electrogastrography (EGG). Electrogastrography is a perspective non-invasive method that can detect gastric dysrhythmias associated with symptoms of nausea or delayed gastric emptying., P. Čamborová, P. Hubka, I. Sulková, I. Hulín., and Obsahuje bibliografii
We give an expository account of a Weierstrass type representation of the non-zero constant mean curvature surfaces in space and discuss the meaning of the representation from the point of view of partial differential equations.
Backpropagation which uses gradient descent on the steepness of the sigmoid function (BPSA) has been widely studied (e.g. Kruschke et al. [1]). However, most of these studies only analysed the BPSA empirically where no adequate measurements of the network’s quality characteristics (e.g. efficiency and complexity) were given. This paper attempts to show that the BPSA is more efficient than the standard BPA by quantitatively comparing the convergence performance of both algorithms on several benchmark application problems. The convergence performance is measured by the values of the neural metrics [2] evaluated in the training process.
The period function of a planar parameter-depending Hamiltonian system is examined. It is proved that, depending on the value of the parameter, it is either monotone or has exactly one critical point.
Cytarabine is one of the most efficient drugs in the treatment of hematological malignancies. In this work, we describe the synthesis and characterization of two different polymer conjugates of cytarabine that were designed for the controlled release of cytarabine within the leukemia cells. Reactive copolymers of N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) and 3-(3-methacrylamidopropanoyl)thiazolidine-2-thione) or 3-(Nmethacryloylglycyl- phenylalanylleucylglycyl)thiazolidine-2-thione were used in the study as reactive polymer precursors for reaction with cytarabine. The enzymatic release of cytarabine from the conjugate containing a GFLG spacer utilizing cathepsin B was verified. In addition to enzymolysis, the pH-dependent hydrolysis of cytarabine from both copolymers was also confirmed. Approximately 40 % and 20 % of the drug was released by spontaneous hydrolysis at pH 7.4 within 72 h from the polymer conjugates with the GFLG and β-Ala spacers, respectively. At pH 6.0, the spontaneous hydrolysis slowed down, and less than 10 % of the drug was liberated within 72 h. The results of the cytotoxicity evaluation of the polymer conjugates in vitro against various cell lines showed that the cytotoxicity of the polymer conjugates is approximately three times lower in comparison to free cytarabine., R. Pola, O. Janoušková, T. Etrych., and Obsahuje bibliografii