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2. Bioarcheologie individuality: životní historie hendikepované ženy pohřbené v sídlištní jámě v období Velké Moravy
- Creator:
- Anna Pankowská
- Format:
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- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Demografie. Populace, paleopatologie, bioarcheologie, pohřební obřady, paleopathology, bioarchaeology, funeral ceremonies, Velkomoravská říše, Great Moravia, bioarchaeology of individual, infection diseases, funeral rites, 18, and 314
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- From the bioarchaeological and morphofunctional point of view, a skeletal deformity is described from an individual buried in a settlement pit at an archaeological site Třebčín in Moravia dating from the period of the Great Moravian (AD 800-950). Macroscopic and radiological examinations are employed to diagnose pathological leasions on the skeleton of an adult female. Female was probably affected by a haematogenous form of acute osteomyelitis from early neonatal age., Anna Pankowská., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3. Intenzita a charakter úmrtnosti na Slovensku v medzivojnom období
- Creator:
- Branislav Šprocha and Pavol Tišliar
- Format:
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- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Demografie. Populace, úmrtnost, mortality, Slovensko, Slovakia, infant mortality, causes of death, interwar period, 18, and 314
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The long-term mortality conditions in Slovakia significantly lagged for demographically most advanced European countries. Mortality is one of the two main demographic processes which in the context of demographic transition undergone significant changes. The interbellum period constitutted for the population development and reproductive behaviour in Slovakia one of the most important developmental period. it is the period in which continued and deepened considerably significant quantitative and qualitative changes in the process of mortality. The aim of this paper is to analyze intensity and character of mortality in Slovakia in interwar period and to describe their changes and development. Special attention is paid to the level and character of infant mortality, differential analysis by age, sex, nationality, religion and causes of death., Branislav Šprocha, Pavol Tišliar., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
4. Jak sluneční aktivita ovlivňuje zemi a prostředí pro lidskou populaci
- Creator:
- Podolská, Kateřina
- Format:
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- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Demografie. Populace, sluneční aktivita, obyvatelstvo, klimatologie, solar activity, population, climatology, solar cycles, historical climatology, climate impacts, geomagnetic storm, 18, and 314
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Solar activity has important effect on terrestrial environment in which human population lives. Long-term and short-term periodicities in solar activity had influence on secular climate changes, little ice ages and climatic optima. The article summarizes briefly the results and methods of historical climatology. The text resumes the methods of research of the solar activity variation over the last 1500 years, through physical methods as well as through preserved written sources. The basic mechanisms of the effects of solar activity on terrestrial environment and human population are explained as well as the predictions of the upcoming solar activity. This may indicate that we are currently at the beginning of another long-term solar minimum., Kateřina Podolská., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
5. Neolitický demografický přechod ve střední Evropě: empirické doklady a nemografické modelování
- Creator:
- Patrik Galeta and Jaroslav Brůžek
- Format:
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- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Demografie. Populace, farmářství, farming, Evropa střední, Europe, Central, neolithic transition, demographic modelling, foraging, fertility, 18, and 314
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The transition between foraging and farming represents one of the most discussed topics in human history. This study deals with demographic aspects of farming spread in Central Europe (6th millenium BC). On the theoretical and empirical level and on the basis of demographic modelling, we argue that both south-eastern farmers and local foragers participated on the establishment of farming communities in Central Europe., Patrik Galeta, Jaroslav Brůžek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
6. Obraz mortality chebské farnosti Sv. Anny 1787-1901
- Creator:
- Jana Kolouchová
- Format:
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- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Demografie. Populace, úmrtnost, veřejné zdraví, mortality, public health, Cheb (Česko), Cheb (Czechia), infant and child mortality, causes of death, seasonality, 18, and 314
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The present study focuses on the problem of the development of mortality in the parish of St. Anne in Cheb (Eger) in the years 1787-1901. On the basis of excertped parish registers of the dead were ascertained the numbers of dead, the gross mortality rate, average life duration, mortality of newborns and children, aseasonal oscillations, and also the analysis of the causes of death was realized., Jana Kolouchová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
7. Omezování plodnosti jako příklad maladaptivního chování?
- Creator:
- Jan Horský
- Format:
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- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Demografie. Populace, kulturní evoluce, cultural evolution, human evolution, evolution of culture, coevolution of genes and culture, culture as adaptive system, cultural maladaptation, reduction of fertility as maladaptive behavior, 18, and 314
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Peter J. Richerson and Robert Boyd, whose theory is discussed in the present article, are convinced that culture is, also from the point of view of biological evolutionary theory, an adaptive system that, however, could lead also to maladaptive behavior. The authors consider the present day decrease (or, rather, downswing) of fertility to be a prominent example of maladaptive behavior. The present study discusses this theory from the point of view of historical demography and cultural history. It discusses the suitability of the criteria of maladaptation and stressed the fact that the decrease of fertility can be considered, until certain degree, an adaptive behavior (increasing the fitness)., Jan Horský., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
8. Paleodemografia rímskej populácie Gerulaty v 1. až 4. storočí n. l
- Creator:
- Hlavenková, Lucia, Jaroslava Schmidtová, and Tomáš Zeman
- Format:
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- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Demografie. Populace, historická demografie, obyvatelstvo, úmrtnost, sčítání obyvatelstva, historical demography, population, mortality, population census, Rusovce (Bratislava, Slovensko), Rusovce (Bratislava, Slovakia), palaeodemography, census errors, Roman period, 18, and 314
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- In this study, the demographic profile of the Roman population buried in Gerulata, southwest Slovakia, is reconstructed. Our research is based on those human skeletal remains, which were anthropologically examined and thus allowed us to partially estimate the mortality pattern of this population, chronologically dated between the 1st and 4th centuries CE. By means of current demographic methods the basic mortality parameters from the estimated life table are compared with different population models, with pacific regard to the identification of potential biases, two of which - the general infant under-representation and the unbalanced sex ration - are further discussed., Lucia Hlavenková, Jaroslava Schmidtová, Tomáš Zeman., and Obsahuje odkazy pod čarou
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
9. Populační vývoj v politickém okrese Kolín v letech 1880-1910
- Creator:
- Iva Blűmelová
- Format:
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- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Demografie. Populace, 19.-20. století, historická demografie, okresy, populační růst, historical demography, districts, population growth, Kolín (Česko), politický okres Kolín, populační vývoj, Political District of Kolín, population development, 18, and 314
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The aim of this article is to analyse population development in the district´s area in the period of 1880-1910. The demographical transition continued in Bohemia until the end of the 19th century with changing populations and reproductive behaviour. The political district of Kolín belonged among Czech areas with fairly early asserted changes. That was because of the region´s economic maturity and also the closeness to Prague, from where these new tendencies of reproductive behaviour spread. Population development was also influenced by high migration., Iva Blümelová., and Obsahuje odkazy pod čarou
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
10. Snahy Menšinového muzea v Praze uskutečnit dotazníková šetření o menšinových poměřech
- Creator:
- Andrej Sulitka
- Format:
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- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Demografie. Populace, dotazníky, menšiny, mezinárodní vztahy, questionnaires, minorities, international relations, Česko, Czechia, Minority Museum in Prague 1909, questionnaire survey, Czech minorities, nationally mixed regions, Czech-German relations, 18, and 314
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- In the year 1909 was established in Prague Minority Museum as a mutually-supportive institution. Its goal was to pay attention to demographic problems, expecially the distribution of Czech minorities in nationally mexed (Czech-German) regions in the borderlands, as well as collection of documents on national, cultural and social situation. One of the concrete activities of the museum was to pursue guestionnaire surveys, on the basis of which was expected to enquire the situation of Czech minorities on Czech-German territories. The article shows how the questionnaires were processed and distributed. Given the fact that the archival collection "Minority Museum 1909-1920" in the National Archives in Prague contains only a torso of filled questionnaires, it can be speculated that in the period before the World War I it was not possible to realize this project., Andrej Sulitka., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public