Ant-aphid mutualism is considered to be a beneficial association for the individuals concerned. The population and fitness of aphids affected by ant attendance and the outcome of this relationship affects the host plant of the aphid. The main hypothesis of the current study is that ant tending decreases aphid developmental time and/or increases reproduction per capita, which seriously reduces host plant fitness. The effect of attendance by the ant Tapinoma erraticum (Latreille, 1798) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on population growth and duration of different developmental stages of Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) were determined along with the consequences for the fitness of the host plant of the aphid, Vicia faba L., in greenhouse conditions. The initial aphid density was manipulated in order to study aphid performance due to density-dependent changes in ant attendance. The population growth rate of ant attended aphids was more than that of unattended aphids. However, the ratio of 1st-2nd nymphs to adults in aphid populations attended by ants was lower. The yields of bean plants on which the aphids were attended by ants were significantly greater than those of unattended plants. This study indicates that ants not only increase aphid fitness in terms of their population growth rate, but also benefit the host plant., Afsane Hosseini, Mojtaba Hosseini, Noboru Katayama, Mohsen Mehrparvar., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The aim of this article is to analyse population development in the district´s area in the period of 1880-1910. The demographical transition continued in Bohemia until the end of the 19th century with changing populations and reproductive behaviour. The political district of Kolín belonged among Czech areas with fairly early asserted changes. That was because of the region´s economic maturity and also the closeness to Prague, from where these new tendencies of reproductive behaviour spread. Population development was also influenced by high migration., Iva Blümelová., and Obsahuje odkazy pod čarou
Autorská dvojice podle mínění recenzentky přesvědčivě ukazuje masivní nárůst státních intervencí do privátní sféry v českých zemích během sedmdesáti let od vzniku Československa do zhroucení komunistického režimu. Pochybnosti v ní však vyvolává zvolená periodizační perspektiva, která fakticky ignoruje velké politické předěly ve prospěch kontinuit, a také programově nehodnoticí postoj autorů k pojednávané historické látce. Chybí jí ocenění meziválečné Československé republiky, která se snažila být demokratickým a sociálně spravedlivým státem, a naopak kritika likvidačních záměrů nacistických okupantů vůči českému obyvatelstvu ve válečných letech. Recenzentka komentuje některé aspekty rodinné politiky v socialistickém Československu a soudí, že kniha je užitečná pro širokou kulturní veřejnost jako výzva k diskusi o hodnotách a tradicích společnosti, o smyslu a funkci vlastního státu., According to the reviewer, the two authors of the book under review (whose title translates as The family in the interest of the state: Population growth and the institute of marriage in Bohemia, Moravia, and Czech Silesia, 1918-89) convincingly demonstrate the massive growth in state intervention in the private sphere in Bohemia, Moravia, and Czech Silesia in the seventy years from the founding or the Czechoslovak Republic to the collapse of the Communist regime in late 1989. She does, however, have some doubts about their periodization, which ignores great political dividing lines in favour of continuities, and she is also disappointed in the authors´ intentionally refusing to pass judgement on the topics they discuss. The reviewer would have liked to have read an assessment of interwar Czechoslovakia, which had sought to be a democratic and socially just state, and she would have welcomed discussion of the Nazis´ intentions to eradicate the Czechs during the German occupation from mid-March 1939 to early May 1945. The reviewer remarks on some aspects of family policy in socialist Czechoslovakia, and concludes that the book under review is useful for the general public as a call for discussion about the social values and traditions and the purpose and operation of the State., [autor recenze] Květa Jechová., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy