Nobel Lecture, presented on December 8, 2016, at Aula Magna, Stockholm University. This article describes the history and background of three discoveries cited in this Nobel Prize: The "TKNN" topological formula for the integer quantum Hall effect found by David Thouless and collaborators, the Chern insulator of quantum anomalous Hall effect, and its role in the later discovery of time-reversal invariant topological insulators, and the unexpected topological spin-liquid state of the spin-1 quantum antiferromagnetic chain, which provided an initial example of topological quantum matter. This article summarizes how these early beginnings have led to the exciting, and currently extremely active, field of "topological matter"., F. Duncan M. Haldane ; přeložil Ivan Gregora ; foto A. Mahmoud, Odile Belmontová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Nobel Lecture, presented on December 8, 2016, at Aula Magna, Stockholm University. In his lecture F. J. M. Kosterlitz described theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter, partially on behalf of the main researcher behind those discoveries, David Thouless, who was not able to give the talk. First, the history of the collaboration between Kosterlitz and Thouless was briefly described. Then, a summary of their contribution to applications of topology to classical Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless of BKT phase transition was described., John Michael Kosterlitz ; přeložil Ivan Gregora ; foto A. Mahmoud., and Obsahuje bibliografii