V poměrně krátkém časovém odstupu pouhých čtyř let byla v letošním roce udělena Nobelova cena za chemii opět v oblasti mikroskopických technik, tedy v oboru nacházejícím se na pomezí fyziky a chemie. Šťastnými oceněnými v tomto případě byli Jack Dubochet, Joachim Frank a Richard Henderson. Cenu dostali za vývoj metod k určení struktury biomolekul v roztoku s vysokým rozlišením pomocí kryoelektronové mikroskopie. Co se pod touto větou vlastně skrývá?, Jana Nebesářová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
O neúspěšných kandidátech na Nobelovu cenu za fyziku (NCF) v letech 1901-1956 byl publikován článek v roce 2008 [1]. Zpřístupněním materiálů Nobelova archivu ve Stockholmu o NCF do roku 1965 lze tudíž referovat o kandidátech NCF z let 1951-1965, což je obsahem tohoto příspěvku., Six unsuccessful candidates, i. e., G. E. Uhlenbeck, S. A. Goudsmit, G. P. S. Occhialini, B. B. Rossi, B. F. Lyot and G. I. Taylor, nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics from 1951 to 1965, are briefly introduced in this article. The number of nominations was chosen as a criterion of their selection. All the above mentioned researchers were outstanding physicist with numerous great scientific achievements. It clearly indicates, that also other factors than just a scientific excellence influence winning the Nobel Prize., Jiří Jindra., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The nuclear fusion processes that power the Sun take place at such high temperatures that the nuclei of atoms are able to fuse together, a process that results in the creation of very large numbers of fundamental particles called neutrinos. Neutrinos only interact through the weak interaction and gravity and therefore can penetrate out from the core of the Sun and through the Earth with little or no interaction. It is these neutrinos from the Sun that are the subject of our measurements with the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO), 2 km underground in a mine near Sudbury, Canada. With the use of heavy water as a central element in the design of SNO it was possible to determine clearly that electron neutrinos change to one of the other active flavors before reaching our detector, a property that requires that they have a mass greater than zero. Both of these fundamental neutrino properties are beyond the predictions of the Standard Model for elementary particles. Extensions of the Standard Model to include these neutrino properties can give us a more complete understanding of our Universe at a very basic level., Arthur B. McDonald ; přeložil Ivan Gregora., and Obsahuje bibliografii