Lockean theories of personal identity maintain that we per-sist by virtue of psychological continuity, and most Lockeans say that we are material things coinciding with animals. Some animalists ar-gue that if persons and animals coincide, they must have the same intrinsic properties, including thinking, and, as a result, there are ‘too many thinkers’ associated with each human being. Further, Lockeans have trouble explaining how animals and persons can be numerically different and have different persistence conditions. For these reasons, the idea of a person being numerically distinct but coincident with an animal is rejected and animalists conclude that we simply are animals. However, animalists face a similar problem when confronted with the vagueness of composition. Animals are entities with vague boundaries. According to the linguistic account of vagueness, the vagueness of a term consists in there being a number of candidates for the denotatum of the vague term. It seems to imply that where we see an animal, there are, in fact, a lot of distinct but overlapping entities with basically the same intrinsic properties, including think-ing. As a result, the animalist must also posit ‘too many thinkers’ where we thought there was only one. This seems to imply that the animalist cannot accept the linguistic account of vagueness. In this paper the author argues that the animalist can accept the linguistic account of vagueness and retain her argument against Lockeanism.
In modern Hindi literature, the imagery of animals is usually employed in order to present an insight into the complexity of the human mind and human relations. A positive attitude towards useful animals is reflected; the motifs of animals are employed to depict cruel social inequalities. In particular, in the New Short Story, the imagery of an animal is mostly employed as a symbol; often as a symbol of something unpleasant or of a painful memory. In many texts, it is used to make people give serious thought to the possibility that things might appear differently from what they really are.
Fractures commonly existing in rocks flow on their elastic properties and hence on velocity of seismic waves propagating in the rock mass. This relation allows to use seismic methods to determine the fracture density and the orientation of fracture sets. This paper presents results of the research which concern directional changes of dynamic elastic moduli in sedimentary and igneous rocks from south part of Poland. These moduli depend on density of the rock matrix as well as density and orientation of cracks and flow on seismic wave velocity. The seismic equipment Terraloc MK6 (ABEM) was used for the measurements of seismic wave velocity in the surface layers of rock mass. The research was made along precise oriented radial seismic profiles. P-waves and S-waves ve locities were established from recorded seism ograms. The values of P and S waves velocity allowed to calculate values of dynamic elastic moduli for all profiles. The results were presented on diagrams of azimuth distribution of elastic moduli, and diagrams of dynamic elastic moduli versus P - wave velocity. The diagrams showed an anisotropy of elastic properties of the investigated rocks. The maximal values of moduli agree with maximal values of velocity and also with orientation of main crack sets or potential directions of weakening of rock mass. Obtained results point that the seismic methods allow to assign the directions of weakening of rocks what can be for example use during preliminary designing, constructing and exploitation of tunnels., Iwona Stan - Kleczek and Adam F. Idziak., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
V reakci na recenzi své biografie českého historika Václava Chaloupeckého (1882-1951) Václav Chaloupecký: Hledání československých dějin (Praha, Karolinum 2014), kterou v minulém čísle tohoto časopisu publikovala Antonie Doležalová (Hledání Václava Chaloupeckého. In: Soudobé dějiny, roč. 23, č. 1-2, 2016, s. 211-216), se autor zamýšlí nad problémem figurace historiografického textu budovaného na materiálu primárních pramenů a v souvislosti s tím rovněž nad vnitrooborovou i širší recepcí současné české historiografie a nad mezemi i proměnami popularizace výsledků historického výzkumu., In response to a review of his biography of the Czech historian Václav Chaloupecký (1882-1951), Václav Chaloupecký: Hledání československých dějin (Prague: Karolinum, 2014), published in the previous issue of this journal (Antonie Doležalová, ''Hledání Václava Chalupeckého'', Soudobé dějiny, vol. 23 (2016), nos. 1-2, pp. 211-16), the author discusses the problem of composing a historical text built on primary sources and, in connection with that, the reception, both in the field and amongst the general public, of contemporary Czech historiography. He also considers the limits of, and changes in, the popularization of the results of historical research., Milan Ducháček., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Hoci najznámejšou technickou aplikáciou kvapalných kryštálov v dnešnej dobe sú kvapalno-kryštalické monitory, kvapalné kryštály sú viac než len ploché obrazovky, aj keď vďaka nim sa dostali do povedomia verejnosti. Výskum v oblasti kvapalných kryštálov však nabral nový smer. Svetový výskum sa odvracia od displejov a zameriava sa na nové možnosti ich využitia, a to na štúdium kompozitných systémov na báze kvapalných kryštálov nielen pre ich technické aplikácie, ale aj na ich využitie v biotechnológiách., Nowadays, the major technical application of liquid crystals is their widespread use in liquid crystal displays. However, even though flat screens have drawn these materials to the public attentions they are much more than just flat screens. Academic liquid crystal science has shown a clear trend of moving away from display research during the last few years. Currently, scientists focus on different topics such as for instance new possible uses in optics, nano-/micro-manipulation, novel composites and biotechnology. This article demonstrates such a development of composite systems containing magnetic nanoparticles in liquid crystalline matrices., Natália Tomašovičová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Odpor mnoha magnetických materiálů výrazně závisí nejen na velikosti, nýbrž i na směru magnetizace. Průmyslově se tento jev využívá v senzorech citlivých na magnetické pole, mezi něž v nedávno minulé době patřila i velká část světové produkce čtecích hlav počítačových pevných disků. Teoretické modely této anizotropní magnetorezistence ovšem zatím zdaleka nedosáhly uspokojivé úrovně a shody s experimenty bez fitovacích parametrů se podaří dosáhnout jen výjimečně. Skupina takových poměrně úspěšných modelů se v posledních letech rozrostla o další položku - zředěný magnetický polovodič (Ga,Mn)As., Electric resistance of many magnetic materials depends significantly both on strength and direction of its magnetization. Magnetic field sensors belong to the typical industrial applications of this phenomenon and until recently these included also a major part of the world production of read heads in computer hard-drives. Theoretical models of this anisotropic magnetoresistance, however, have never reached a completely satisfactory level and so far it has been only rarely possible to achieve a decent agreement with experiments without any fit parameters. Few years ago, the family of such relatively successful models could welcome a new member that concerns a dilute magnetic semiconductor (Ga, Mn)As., Karel Výborný., and Obsahuje bibliografii